Requirements for scoring Cheyne-Stokes Breathing
Must be at least 3 consecutive cycles of waning-waxing pattern in airflow with a duration of at least 10
... [Show More] seconds each, and at least 5 central apneas or hypopneas per hour of sleep.
Primary Central Apnea
This is characterized by cessations of airflow and concurrent cessations of respiratory effort. Diagnostic features include an average of 5 of these events per hour.
Behavioral Insomnia of Childhood
aka 'Limit-Setting Disorder," characterized by a parent promoting poor sleep hygiene techniques in child, such as putting toys in crib or frequently altering feed times.
Paradoxical Insomnia
aka "Sleep State Misperception," consists of complaint of insomnia without any evidence. Use of a sleep diary or log may be appropriate.
Idiopathic Insomnia
aka "Lifelong Insomnia." this is identified as at infancy and persists throughout life. Appears to be no external cause for this, and no other sleep disorder exists as a contributing factor.
Adjustment Insomnia
aka "acute insomnia," this is a short-term insomnia that is associated with a specific stressor. Very common, typically corrects itself when stressor becomes absent.
Psychophysiological Insomnia
Common type of insomnia that lasts at least one month. NOT caused by a stressor, but rather a learned response to not fall asleep when planned. Falling asleep at normal bedtimes is difficult.
Recurrent Isolated Sleep Paralysis
This includes episodes of the inability to move during sleep (hypnogogic) or awakening (hypnopompic.)
REM Behavior Disorder
Consists of physical activities during REM sleep. Normal muscle atonia does not occur in these patients and the patient is likely to remember the dream associated with the events.
Catathrenia
aka "sleep-related groaning," this consists of groaning during exhalation, mainly during REM sleep.
Short Sleeper
When a person sleeps <5 hours and is able to maintain normal functionality and wakefulness. This type of individual does not require the normal amount of sleep.
Propriospinal Myoclonus of Sleep
These events are similar to sleep starts, but mainly involve body movements in the trunk and neck areas. They typically occur at sleep onset or during brief arousals from sleep.
Excessive Fragmentary Myoclonus
Characterized by frequent small twitches of fingers, toes, or muscles of the mouth during wake or sleep. They are typically benign, occur in NREM sleep, and persist >20 min.
Sleep Starts (Hypnic Jerks)
Sudden muscle jerks or movements at sleep onset, often accompanied by feelings of surprise or fear.
Hypnogogic Foot Termor (HFT) and Alternating Leg Muscle Activation (ALMA)
Rhythmic leg or foot movements at sleep onset. The latter is characterized by movement in one leg followed by movement in another leg. They are typically benign but can cause brief arousals.
Describe the types of PVCS
Unifocal: Same origins, look the same
Multifocal: Different origins
Bigeminy: PVC in every other beat
Trigeminy: PVC in every third beat
Couplet: 2 PVCs in a row
VTACH: Three or more PVCs in a row [Show Less]