Women are able to self-treat for what two common menstrual disorders? correct answer: primary dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome
What is the
... [Show More] average age menstruation comes on? correct answer: 12 years, although normal menarche may occur as early as age 11 or as late as age 14.5
median menstrual cycle for adult women correct answer: 28 days, ranging from 24 to 38 days for adult women;
median menstrual cycle for adolecents correct answer: 20-45 days
how long do menses last and how much blood is lost? correct answer: 3-7 days, with most blood loss occurring during days 1 and 2. the average blood loss per cycle is 30 mL (10-84 mL)
How much blood loss is considered abnormal and could be associated with anemia? correct answer: A loss of more than 80 mL per cycle or bleeding lasting longer than 7 days
What happens during Cycle 1 the follicular phase? correct answer: FSH stimulates the maturation of a group of ovarian follicles. These maturing follicles secrete estradiol, which promotes growth of the uterine endometrium.
What happens at about cycle day 8? correct answer: a single ovarian follicle usually becomes dominant, which typically results in the release or ovulation of only one mature egg. The ovulatory phase of the cycle is about 3 days in length. During this phase, the pituitary gland secretes high levels of LH for a 48-hour period, which is known as the LH surge. The LH surge catalyzes the final steps in the maturation of the ovum and stimulates production of prostaglandins and proteolytic enzymes necessary for ovulation
What happens during the LH surge correct answer: Estradiol levels also decrease during the LH surge, sometimes resulting in midcycle endometrial bleeding. Ovulation typically occurs 12 hours after the LH surge. Ovulation releases 5-10 mL of follicular fluid, which contains the oocyte mass and prostaglandins; this event may cause abdominal pain (mittelschmerz, German for "middle pain") for some women. In adolescents, the LH surge does not occur until 2-5 years after menarche. As a result, 50%-80% of cycles are anovulatory (i.e., no ovulation occurs) and are irregular during the initial years after menarche.
What happens in the luteal phase correct answer: the time between ovulation and the beginning of menstrual blood flow. After the follicle ruptures, it is referred to as the corpus luteum. The luteal phase is typically consistent in length (about 14 ±2 days) and reflects the 10- to 12-day functional period of the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, estradiol, and androgens. The increased levels of estrogen and progesterone alter the uterine endometrial lining. Glands mature, proliferate, and become secretory as the uterus prepares for the implantation of a fertilized egg. Progesterone and estrogen levels increase in the middle of the luteal phase, but LH and FSH levels decline in response to the increased hormone levels. [Show Less]