To determine whether chimpanzees are more likely to delay gratification for a cooked food reward than they are for a raw food reward, cognition
... [Show More] researchers Felix Warneken and Alexandra Rosati conducted an experiment comparing chimpanzees' decisions [1] in two situations: a "raw-delay" condition and a "cooked-delay" condition. In the raw-delay condition, Warneken and Rosati offered the chimpanzees a choice between receiving a piece of raw food immediately and waiting for one minute to receive three pieces of raw food; the chimpanzees chose the larger, delayed reward 60 percent of the time. In the cooked-delay condition, in which the chimpanzees could receive one piece of raw food immediately or wait one minute for three pieces of cooked food, they chose the larger, delayed reward approximately 85 percent of the time.
HINT--
Which is the best punctuation choice to indicate that what follows is an elaboration or example?
a. NO CHANGE
b. in: two situations,
c. in two situations;
d. in two situations
a. NO CHANGE
The measures of the angles of a triangle are in the ratio of 2x:3x:5x as illustrated below. What is the measure of the smallest angle in the triangle?
a. 18
b. 20
c. 30
d. 36
d. 36
00:44
01:13
Looming above passersby in Lisbon, Portugal, a gigantic raccoon protrudes from the side of a building. A close look at this multimedia street sculpture reveals that the raccoon's eyes are made from discarded tires, its arms from dented bumpers, and its claws from assorted metal scraps. This larger-than-life 3-D street mural is the creation of Artur Bordalo, a Portuguese artist whose unusual animal sculptures made out of garbage are attracting international attention. That's exactly what Bordalo [1] wants. His goal is to: raise awareness about the destructive effects of excess consumerism. To that end, the broad appeal of the animal world serves Bordalo's purpose well. After the spectacle of the towering raccoon captures the interest of passersby, the sculpture's materials demand that viewers confront the waste products that are harming the natural world.
Hint: A colon can be used to introduce an example or elaboration.
a. NO CHANGE
b. wants, his goal is to
c. wants. His goal is: to
d. wants: his goal is to
d. wants: his goal is to
This passage is adapted from Fyodor Dostoevsky, The Brothers Karamazov originally published in 1880.
Alyosha had been struck by Katerina Ivanovna's beauty when, three weeks before, Dmitri had first brought him, at Katerina Ivanovna's special request, to be introduced to her. There had been no conversation between them at that interview, however. Supposing Alyosha to be very shy, Katerina Ivanovna had talked all the time to Dmitri to spare him. Alyosha had been silent, but he had seen a great deal very clearly. He was struck by the imperiousness, proud ease, and self-confidence of the haughty girl. And all that was certain, Alyosha felt that he was not exaggerating it. He thought her great glowing black eyes were very fine, especially with her pale, even rather sallow, longish face. But in those eyes and in the lines of her exquisite lips there was something with which his brother might well be passionately in love, but which perhaps could not be loved for long. He expressed this thought almost plainly to Dmitri when, after the visit, his brother besought and insisted that he should not conceal his impressions on seeing his betrothed.
"You'll be very happy with her, but perhaps—not tranquilly happy."
"Quite so, brother. Such people remain always the same. They don't yield to fate. So you think I shan't love her for ever."
"No; perhaps you will love her for ever. But perhaps you won't always be happy with her."
Alyosha had given his opinion at the time, blushing, and angry with himself for having yielded to his brother's entreaties and put such "foolish" ideas into words. For his opinion had struck him as awfully foolish immediately after he had uttered it. He felt ashamed too of having given so confident an opinion about a woman.
Which choice provides the best evidence for the idea that Alyosha does not have much experience with women?
HINT—Consider which lines reveal details about Alyosha that indicate lack of certainty.
a. Lines beginning--"Supposing . . . him."
b. Lines beginning "He was . . . girl."
c. Lines beginning "Aloysha . . . words."
d. Lines beginning "He . . . woman."
d. Lines beginning "He . . . woman."
A survey of a random sample of 12,000 adults in the US home-buying market finds that 97% of those surveyed recognized a certain real estate brand name. If the margin of error was 2.4%, of the following, which is the best estimate of the percent of adults in the home-buying market in the US who recognize this real estate brand name?
HINT--
If the researchers repeated the study many times with randomly selected groups of US adult participants, they would expect the percent of adults in the home-buying market who recognize the brand name to be within the interval created by the sample proportion, plus or minus the margin of error.
a. 88%
b. 92%
c. 96%
d. 100%
c. 96%
Reading maps involve several abilities, including the ability to locate places, to ascertain directions, to measure distances, and to interpret the mapmaker's symbols.
a. involve
b. involves
c. has involved
d. have involved
b. involves
If p is an odd integer, which of the following is an even integer?
a. p2
b. p2 - 2
c. (p - 2)2
d. p2 - p
d. p2 - p
This passage is adapted from Christopher Intagliata, "Road Noise Takes a Toll on Migrating Birds." ©2015 by Scientific American.
Building a road through wilderness certainly has a visibleimpact on local flora and fauna—you're physically paving over a slice of what was once habitat. But roads have less obvious effects, too. Like the introduction of traffic noise, which also takes a toll. "You can see an oil spill but you can't see a traffic noise spill. So convincing people that it's important is a little more difficult," said Heidi Ware.
Ware is an ornithologist at the Intermountain Bird Observatory in Boise, Idaho. She and her colleagues studied the reactions by birds to the sounds of vehicles. And they did it without paving the great outdoors. Instead, they mounted 15 pairs of speakers on Douglas fir trees, along a ridge near Boise, and played traffic noise. They thus created what they call a "phantom road" through the wilderness, which boosted local noise levels 10 decibels higher than those in the surrounding forest.
Turns out just the sounds of traffic scared away a third of the area's usual avian visitors, and cut species diversity too. And birds of multiple species were not able to pack on as much fat to fuel their migrations, when they were forced to dine to the soundtrack of traffic.
Follow-up experiments in the lab found that, when it's noisy, birds spend a lot less time head down, pecking at food, and a lot more time scanning their surroundings.
Ware says Yosemite, Glacier and Rocky Mountain National Parks all have roads that are busy enough to produce these effects. And, short of closing park roads to traffic, she says things like rubberized asphalt and lower speed limits could help cut the noise. "Glacier National Park is going to put up signs, that instead of showing your speed and preventing people from speeding, it's going to show how loud their car is on the road." Which, hopefully, will continue to encourage wilderness lovers to leave no trace—visible or audible.
Based on the passage, which of the following would most likely result from the construction of a busy road in a forest that is a habitat for birds?
HINT-- Ask yourself: What does the passage indicate about birds' behavior when there is traffic noise?
a. The birds become used to unnatural noise and start building their nests dangerously close to the road.
b. Migration patterns start to change because the birds run out of energy sooner than they previously did.
c. The birds begin to dwell in quieter parts of the surrounding forest and deplete the available resources in those habitats.
d. Predation begins to increase because the birds are unable to monitor their surroundings for predators.
b. Migration patterns start to change because the birds run out of energy sooner than they previously did.
In the triangles above, 3(y - x) =
a. 45
b. 60
c. 30
d. 15
a. 45
The following sentence is taken from a longer writing passage on the SAT. Read the sentence and determine which option expresses the information in the best way.
Though its early history is not fully known, origami, the art of folding objects out of paper without cutting, pasting, or decorating, seems that it had developed from the older art of folding cloth.
a. developing, it seems, out of
b. seems it would have been developed out of
c. seems to have developed from
d. NO CHANGE
c. seems to have developed from
The description in the first paragraph indicates that what Ethan values most about Mattie is her
a. fitness for farm labor.
b. vivacious youth.
c. freedom from worry.
d. receptive nature.
d. receptive nature.
Which choice from paragraph one provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?
a. Lines beginning "But it...hearth"
b. Lines beginning "Mattie...farm"
c. Lines beginning "She had...will"
d. Lines beginning "He had...anyhow"
c. Lines beginning "She had...will"
In the figure above, the large rectangle is divided into six identical small squares. If the perimeter of the large rectangle is 30, what is the perimeter of one of the small squares?
a. 8
b. 9
c. 10
d. 12
d. 12
Over the course of the passage, the main focus of the narrative shifts from the
a. ambivalence a character feels about his sensitive nature to the character's recognition of the advantages of having profound emotions.
b. value a character attaches to the wonders of the natural world to a rejection of that sort of beauty in favor of human artistry.
c. intensity of feeling a character has for another person to the character's concern that that intensity is not reciprocated.
d. reservations a character has about a person he has just met to a growing appreciation that character has of the person's worth
c. intensity of feeling a character has for another person to the character's concern that that intensity is not reciprocated.
In the context of the passage, the author's use of the phrase "her light step flying to keep time with his long stride" in paragraph 1 is primarily meant to convey the idea that
a. Ethan and Mattie share a powerful enthusiasm.
b. Mattie strives to match the speed at which Ethan walks.
c. Mattie and Ethan playfully compete with each other.
d. Ethan walks at a pace that frustrates Mattie.
b. Mattie strives to match the speed at which Ethan walks.
The author includes the descriptions of the sunset, the clouds, and the hemlock shadows in paragraph 2 primarily to
a. offer a sense of how fleeting time can be.
b. emphasize the acuteness of two characters' sensations.
c. foreshadow the declining fortunes of two characters.
d. suggest the peacefulness of the natural world.
b. emphasize the acuteness of two characters' sensations.
British author Charles Dodgson, best known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, is renowned for when he wrote two of the most famous and admired children's books in the world, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel, Through the Looking-Glass.
a. NO CHANGE
b. renowned in that he wrote
c. received renown, he wrote
d. is renowned for writing
d. is renowned for writing
First, 3 is subtracted from X and the square root of the difference is taken. Then, 5 is added to the result, giving a final result of 9 . What is the value of X ?
a. 3
b. 5
c. 16
d. 19
d. 19
These are commonly confused words. Think carefully about the meaning of each choice.
a. NO CHANGE
b. affects of excess
c. effects of access
d. affects of access
a. NO CHANGE
k ( k − 1 2 ) = − 1 16
The equation above is satisfied by what value(s) of
a. k= 1/8
b. k= 1/4
c. k= -1/8 k=1/8
d. -1/4 k=1/4
b. k= 1/4
Some plant pathologists have turned to genetic engineering to devise new ways of responding to botanical diseases. Plant pathologist William Powell, for instance, teamed up with forest biologist Chuck Maynard to restore North America's population of American chestnut trees, which was decimated in the early 1900s by a fungus known as chestnut blight. A fungus, C. parasitica, contributes to the growth of cankers on the trees' (1) trunks. These cankers, in turn, preventing trees from transporting water from their roots to their branches and leaves. To render American chestnut trees resistant to the blight, Powell and Maynard experimented with the genetic makeup of the trees. The resultant genetically engineered trees are called Darling 4 American chestnut trees, and during the first 15 weeks after infection with chestnut blight, they grow cankers that are much smaller than those that grow on American chestnut trees.
a. NO CHANGE
b. trunks; these cankers, in turn, preventing
c. trunks; these cankers, in turn, prevent
d. trunks, these cankers, in turn, prevent
c. trunks; these cankers, in turn, prevent
In recent years, several urban US airports have converted some of the unused land [1] past their runways to provide habitats for honeybees. While airports may seem unlikely locations for beekeeping, many of them, in fact, have the potential to offer ideal conditions for an apiary (a group of beehives). The Lambert-St. Louis International Airport, for instance, hosts an apiary on a 400-square-foot area of land just north of one of its runways. This area is rich in Dutch clover, a preferred food source for honeybees. The honeybees may thrive there in part because they aren't exposed to the agricultural pesticides suspected of contributing to Colony Collapse Disorder. Though unorthodox, airport-based honeybee habitats can help to ensure that local regions have healthy populations of honeybees.
HINT--Remember passed is the past tense of the verb to pass
a. NO CHANGE
b. passed their
c. past there
d. passed there
a. NO CHANGE [Show Less]