RN_Mnemonics_ABC
ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURISM “4-A’s”
Asymptomatic Abdominal mass Abdominal pulse Aches low back
ABDOMINAL DISTENSTION
... [Show More] "5-F's"
Fat Fluid Feces Flatus Fetus
ACE INHIBITOR SIDE EFFECTS "CAPTOPRIL"
Cough Anaphylaxis Palpitations Taste
Orthostatic -↓BP Potassium - ↑K+ Renal impairment Impotence Leukocytosis
ACID-BASE
"ROME" – Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal ACIDOSIS
» Respiratory (opposite): pH Pco2
» Metabolic (equal): pH HCO3 ALKALOSIS
» Respiratory (opposite): pH Pco2
» Metabolic (equal): pH HCO3 ACIDOSIS/ALKALOSIS “ROME”
Respiratory Opposite:
pH↑ PCO2↓ = alkalosis pH↓ PCO2↑ = acidosis Metabolic Equal:
pH↑ HCO3↑ = Alkalosis pH↓ HCO3↓ = Acidosis
ACIDOSIS/ALKALOSIS – COMPENSTATION “RUB MUB”
Respiratory Uses Bicarb Metabolic Uses Breathing ALKALOSIS AND ACIDOSIS
AlKalosis has “K” – it’s “K”icking pH up = PH↑ AciDosis has “D” – it’s “D”ropping pH Down = PH↓ ACUTE INFLAMMATION FEATURES
Think: "what a cute pair of SLIPpeRs" to tie acute inflammation to “SLIPR”mnemonic).
“SLIPR”
Swelling
Loss of function Increased heat Pain
Redness
ADRENAL GLAND HORMONES “SSS”
S-sugar (Glucocorticoids) S-salt (Mineralocorticoids) S-sex (Androgens)
AIMS for improvement “PETEES” AIMS
P - Patient centered care E - Efficient
T - Timely
E - Effective E - Equitable S - Safety
ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL – CLINICAL FEATURES "HITS"
Hallucinations (visual, tactile) Increased vital signs & insomnia
Tremens delirium tremens (potentially lethal) Shakes/Sweat/Seizures/Stomach pain (N/V) ALCOHOLISM – BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS
“5-D's”
D- Denial
D- Dependency D- Demanding D- Destructive D- Domineering
ALCOHOLISM OUTCOME “BAD”
B- Brain Damage
A- Alcoholic Hallucinosis D- Death
ALDOSTERONE IS REGULATED BY:
"RNA’S"
Renin-angiotensin mechanism Na concentration in blood
Anp (ANP – atrial natriuretic peptide) Stress
ALZHEIMER – “5 A’s” to DIAGNOSIS “5-A's”
Amnesia – loss of memories
Anomia – unable to recall names of everyday objects
Apraxia – unable to perform tasks of movement Agnosia – inability to process sensory information Aphasia – disruption with ability to communicate ANGINA – PRECIPITATING FACTORS
"4-E's"
Eating Emotion
Exertion (Exercise)
Extreme Temperatures (Hot/Cold weather) “ANOREXIA” – EATING DISORDER
A-menorrhea delayed
N-o organic factors accounts for weight loss O-obviously thin but feels FAT
R-refusal to maintain normal body weight E-epigastric discomfort is common
X-symptoms (peculiar symptoms) I-intense fears of gaining weight A-always thinking of foods
ANOREXIA NERVOSA – CLINICAL FEATURES "ANOREXIC"
A-adolescent women/Amenorrhea
N-GT alimentation (most severe cases)
O-obsession w/ wt. loss/becoming fat though underweight
R-refusal to eat (5% die)
E-electrolyte abnormalities (e.g., K+, cardiac arrhythmia)
X-exercise
I-intelligence often above average/Induced vomiting
C-cathartic use (and diuretic abuse) ANTICHOLINERGIC CRISIS
Can't see (blurred vision) Can't spit (dry mouth)
Can't pee (urinary retention) Can't shit (constipation) ANTICHOLINERGIC CRISIS – SIGNS "SLUD"
Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation
ANTI-TB DRUGS & SIDE EFFECTS “RIPES”
Rifampicin – red-orange urine Isoniazid – peripheral neuritis Pyrazinamide – increase uric acid Ethambutol – eye problems Streptomycin – ototoxic
(use a star as these drugs stain the teeth) – ??? (H-eat, I-nduration) – ???
APGAR SCORING "APGAR"
Appearance: cyanosis--peripheral, central, none Pulse: pulse rate
Grimace: response to stimulation
Activity: movement of the baby (muscle tone) Respiration: respiratory rate
APPENDICITIS - ASSESSMENT “PAINS”
Pain (RLQ) - pain in RLQ of abdomen Anorexia - loss of appetite
Increased temperature, WBC (15,000-20,000) Nausea
Signs (McBurney's, Psoas) ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES
1. look at pH:
Low pH = acidosis High pH = alkalosis
2. use “ROME” mnemonic (to determine if its respiratory or metabolic):
Respiratory – Opposite Metabolic – Equal
ASSESSING CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR "DEMENTIA"
Drug and alcohol Eyes and ears
Metabolic and endocrine disorders Emotional disorders
Neurologic disorders Tumors and trauma Infection
Arterial vascular disease ASTHMA MANAGEMENT "ASTHMA"
Adrenergics (Albuterol) Steroids
Theophylline Hydration (IV) Mask (Oxygen) Antibiotics
ASTHMA - MANAGEMENT
Asthma is a spasm of the airways, which causes difficulty breathing.
“ASTHMA”
Adrenergic (Albuterol) Steroids
Theophylline
Hydration (IV) Mask (Oxygen) Antibiotics
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION – NEW ONSET CAUSES “THE ATRIAL FIBS”
Thyroid Hypothermia Embolism (PE) Alcohol
Trauma (cardiac contusion) Recent surgery (post CABG) Ischemia
Atrial enlargement Lone or idiopathic
Fever, anemia, high-output states Infarct
Bad valves (mitral stenosis)
Stimulants (cocaine, theo, amphet, caffeine) ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES
"LAB RAT"
Left Atrium: Bicuspid Right Atrium: Tricuspid ATROPINE
"A goes with B"
Atropine used to treat bradycardia.
BENNER'S MODEL
N - Nickerr's - easy to remember b/c it rhymes with Benner's Novice – strictly able to focus on learning the rules, onset of education
A - and - "ad"vanced beginners – distinguish abnormal findings but cannot readily understand significance
C - Comp - Competent – able to handle their pt. load and prioritize situation
P - Planetary – big picture is the key word - Proficiency
E - Experts – Leader/ role model not every nurse becomes one.
BETA 1 AND BETA 2
Beta 1 adrenergic receptors are mostly found in the heart. Beta 2 adrenergic receptors are found in lungs, GI tract, vascular smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, liver. Beta 1 beta blockers act primarily on the heart. Beta 2 beta blockers act primarily on the lungs.
Beta 1: heart
Beta 2: lungs - You have one heart and two lungs BETA BLOCKERS
B1 Blocks the heart (only have ONE heart) B2 Blocks the lungs (have TWO lungs) BETA BLOCKER CONTRAINDICATIONS "ABCDE"
Asthma
Block (heart block) COPD
Diabetes mellitus Electrolyte (hyperkalemia) BETA BLOCKERS
"You have 1 heart and 2 lungs" Beta-1 act primarily on heart Beta-2 act primarily on lungs BLEEDING PRECAUTIONS “RANDI”
R- Razor Electric/Blades A- Aspirin
N- No needles (esp. in small gauge) D- Do decrease in needle sticks)
I - Injury (Protect from) BLEEDING PRECAUTIONS
If a patient is taking an anticoagulant to prevent blood clots there is increased risk for bleeding. Be careful with blades when shaving. Do not take aspirin as it interferes with blood clotting and can magnify the effect of the medication. Avoid excess needle sticks and protect the patient from injury. “RANDI”
Razor [Show Less]