RN COMPREHENSIVE PREDICTOR 2019 FORM B
1. The nurse is caring for a patient with fluid volume overload. Which
physiological effect does the nurse most
... [Show More] likely expect?
a. Increased preload
b. Increased heart rate
c. Decreased afterload
d. Decreased tissue perfusion
ANS: A
Preload refers to the amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole; an
increase in circulating volume would increase the preload of the heart. Afterload
refers to resistance; increased pressure would lead to increased resistance, and
afterload would increase. A decrease in tissue perfusion would be seen with
hypovolemia. A decrease in fluid volume would cause an increase in heart rate as
the body is attempting to increase cardiac output.
26. A nurse is caring for a patient with continuous cardiac monitoring for heart
dysrhythmias. Which rhythm will cause the nurse to intervene immediately?
a. Ventricular tachycardia
b. Atrial fibrillation
c. Sinus rhythm
d. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
ANS: A
Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation are life-threatening rhythms that
require immediate intervention. Ventricular tachycardia is a life-threatening
dysrhythmia because of the decreased cardiac output and the potential to deteriorate
into ventricular fibrillation or sudden cardiac death. Atrial fibrillation is a common
dysrhythmia in older adults and is not as serious as ventricular tachycardia. Sinus
rhythm is normal. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is a sudden, rapid onset
of tachycardia originating above the AV node. It often begins and ends
spontaneously.
27. The patient is experiencing angina pectoris. Which assessment finding
does the nurse expect when conducting a history and physical examination?
a. Experiences chest pain after eating a heavy meal
b. Experiences adequate oxygen saturation during exercise
c. Experiences crushing chest pain for more than 20 minutes
d. Experiences tingling in the left arm that lasts throughout the morning
ANS: A
Angina pectoris is chest pain that results from limited oxygen supply. Often pain
is precipitated by activities such as exercise, stress, and eating a heavy meal and
lasts 3 to 5 minutes. Symptoms of angina pectoris are relieved by rest and/or
nitroglycerin. Adequate oxygen saturation occurs with rest; inadequate oxygen
saturation occurs during exercise. Pain lasting longer than 20 minutes or arm
tingling that persists could be a sign of myocardial infarction.
28. A nurse is teaching about risk factors for cardiopulmonary disease.
Which risk factor should the nurse describe as modifiable [Show Less]