• Question 1
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statements is true about the effects of teratogens on the developing
... [Show More] fetus?
Selected The kind of damage done depends on the stage of development during Answer: exposure.
• Question 2
2 out of 2 points
In lifespan developmental theories, significant developmental changes are thought to be largely complete by
Selected Answer: Death.
• Question 3
2 out of 2 points
According to Vygotsky, language is one product of shared understanding among members of a social group and may be considered a that facilitates learning and thinking.
Selected Answer: Tool or sign
• Question 4
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statements is most accurate with regard to Piaget’s theory?
Selected Piaget believed in the dynamic quality of stages and understood that Answer: children in the same stage could vary greatly in their specific
understanding of causality, morality, and so forth.
• Question 5
2 out of 2 points
Basic emotions such as can be observed in young infants, but self- conscious emotions such as only emerge in childhood.
Selected Answer: Surprise and fear / embarrassment and pride
• Question 6
2 out of 2 points
Contemporary developmentalists focus on which question concerning nature and nurture?
Selected How do we explain the mechanisms by which nature and nurture Answer: interact to affect development?
• Question 7
2 out of 2 points
Video response. Review the video on page 135 of your book. From the 3 statements, select which one(s) are correct.
Statement 1: Children typically protest when separated from their primary caregivers Statement 2: Cultural factors can influence children’s response to strangers, and the existence of separation anxiety.
Statement 3: Only children who live in orphanages have a lower anxiety response.
Selected Answer: Statement 2 is correct
• Question 8
2 out of 2 points
Mrs. Harmon, the mother of 18-month-old Bryce, is concerned that Bryce has not learned to speak very well. He has a limited vocabulary and seems content to point to the things he wants. Mrs. Harmon has read several child development books which indicate that Bryce should be in the stage of language learning. Mrs. Harmon fears that Bryce is not keeping up developmentally. Based on your understanding of the timing of developmental stages, what would be your best advice?
Selected Developmental stages can be useful guidelines, but there is a range of Answer: normal development within stages.
• Question 9
2 out of 2 points
Stage theories of development typically describe _ changes in behavior, cognition, or social relationships.
Selected Answer: qualitative
• Question 10
2 out of 2 points
In one study, young rats exposed to stress vocalized their anxiety. Their mothers, alerted to this distress, responded with diligent caregiving behavior that altered the development of the hippocampus. Which of the following processes or principles does this example demonstrate?
Selected Answer: Epigenesis.
• Question 11
2 out of 2 points
Video response. Review the video on, page 11 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
Statement 1. The children were unable to successfully set the table and the teacher had to help. This demonstrates that the children mistrust their ability to perform the task.
Statement 2. These children are at the age where they are demonstrating initiative vs. guilt, taking on grown-up roles.
Statement 3. The children are demonstrating the emergence of autonomy with muscular control and both cognitive and language skills that help them take initiative.
Selected Answer: statement 2 and 3 are correct
• Question 12
2 out of 2 points
In Bronfenbrenner’s model, proximal processes refer to
Selected reciprocal interactions between an organism and its immediate Answer: environment.
• Question 13
2 out of 2 points
High levels of the hormone oxytocin plays an important role in early social bonding by
Selected Answer: Promoting physical closeness and reducing maternal stress.
• Question 14
2 out of 2 points
In considering the major structures of the brain, which of these statements is FALSE.
Selected The limbic system is constructed of the activities located in the midbrain Answer: area, that impact complex thought processes.
• Question 15
2 out of 2 points
The ability to use language to communicate effectively by using well-organized narratives primarily depends upon the development of skill.
Selected Answer: Pragmatic
• Question 16
2 out of 2 points
An attempt to forestall the development of problems by promoting health and wellness in the general population is called
Selected Answer: primary prevention.
• Question 17
2 out of 2 points
In considering infant mental health, helping professionals who work with young children should take an active role in
Selected Answer: Providing support and information for parents.
• Question 18
2 out of 2 points
Video response. Review the video on , page 15 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
Statement 1. The teach illustrates social learning theory by modeling the process she would use to study the lesson and presents it to the group.
Statement 2. In order for modeling to be effective, there must be a reward attached to motivate a child to repeat the behavior.
Statement 3. The video suggests that modeling experiences could have been improved if the teacher would have worked one to one with each student opposed to having them observe this exercise as a group.
Selected Answer: Statement 1 is correct
• Question 19
2 out of 2 points
At 10 months old, Suzie is very active, responds intensely to stimulation, avoids new stimulation, and tends to be irritable and fussy. Her temperament would be called
Selected Answer: Difficult.
• Question 20
2 out of 2 points
Recessive, defective gene alleles can cause hereditary disorders. It is estimated that most people carry recessive, defective alleles in their genotypes.
Selected Answer: three to five
• Question 21
2 out of 2 points
When considering the age of entry and the amount of time spent in day care, researchers have identified a dose-response relationship which is associated with what outcome?
Selected Answer: aggression and neediness at school age
• Question 22
2 out of 2 points
For most mental illnesses and behavioral disorders, like alcoholism and clinical depression, the genetic contribution can best be described as
Selected Answer: polygenic.
• Question 23
2 out of 2 points
Which statement regarding the understanding of objects, in infancy is FALSE?
Selected The development of one sensory system does not influence the Answer: development of other systems.
• Question 24
2 out of 2 points
Counselors must recognize the principle of : Individual pathways of development may result in a wide range of possible outcomes.
Selected Answer: multifinality
• Question 25
2 out of 2 points
Jacinta, the mother of a 10-month-old baby boy, is concerned about her son’s increasing fussiness when she leaves him with his babysitter each morning. Which explanation of his behavior is most likely to be accurate?
Selected He is showing separation distress because his recognition memory is Answer: improving during this period.
• Question 26
2 out of 2 points
Myelinization is the process which involves
Selected coating the axon with a fatty sheath that improves conduction of Answer: electrical impulses.
• Question 27
2 out of 2 points
Sally, age 28, recently married John, age 45. They would like to have a child, but they are concerned that they may be at high risk to have a child with a chromosomal abnormality, like Down’s syndrome, because of John’s age. What is their genetic counselor likely to tell them?
Selected They are at higher than average risk for some chromosomal disorders Answer: because of John’s age, but not for Down’s syndrome.
• Question 28
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following is an accurate description of the long-term effects of chronic stress on the body?
Selected The ability of the immune system to fight infection and ward off Answer: disease is compromised.
• Question 29
2 out of 2 points
Using Erikson’s developmental theory as a framework, which of the following statements is an accurate representation of his ideas?
Selected Successful resolution of a psychosocial crisis at each stage depends upon Answer: having more positive than negative experiences in the area of major
concern.
• Question 30
2 out of 2 points
The measure of social status that combines aspects of education background, income, and occupation is called
Selected Answer: socioeconomic status.
• Question 31
2 out of 2 points
Developmentalists study what infants and children understand about other people’s intentions, desires, beliefs, feelings, and so on. This field of study is referred to as
Selected Answer: Theory of mind.
• Question 32
2 out of 2 points
Guidelines for the application of developmental research in helping professions include
Selected keeping abreast of issues in the field and taking a multidimensional view Answer: of the influences on an individual.
• Question 33
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statemet is FALSE regarding chronic stress during pregnancy and its impact on the fetus?
Selected Answer: Stress during pregnancy, has no lasting effects on the fetus.
• Question 34
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following is a true statement about the stability of infant attachments?
Selected Changes in family stressors that lead to changes in caregiving quality Answer: can lead to shifts in attachment quality.
• Question 35
2 out of 2 points
Assimilation can be described as and accommodation can be described as
.
Selected Answer: Incorporating information / restructuring information.
• Question 36
2 out of 2 points
Annette is a warm and affectionate mother to her sons, Jason and Keith. When she comes home from her job, she likes to spend time playing with them, preparing their favorite foods, and watching TV with them. She describes herself as a “soft touch” when it comes to her children. Lately she has been hearing complaints about 6-year-old Jason’s behavior in school. Annette thinks the teacher is being too hard on her son. She does not
want anything to affect the good relationship she has with her children. Which style best describes Annette’s parenting?
Selected Answer: Permissive.
• Question 37
0 out of 2 points
The adult attachment inventory (AAI) is used to assess the quality of attachment that parent have established with their own infants. Which statement is INCORRECT regarding the finds of Main and her colleagues:
Selected Pre-occupied-entangled parents often still struggle to please, are passive, Answer: and their infant’s attachment style to them is ambivalent.
• Question 38
2 out of 2 points
Developmental researchers use the term “goodness of fit” to refer to
Selected The match between the caregiver’s responses to a child and the child’s Answer: temperament.
• Question 39
2 out of 2 points
Ms. Dawson recently gave birth to twins, a girl and a boy. Which of the following statements about them must be true?
Selected Answer: They are dizygotic.
• Question 40
2 out of 2 points
The still-face paradigm has been used primarily to study
Selected Answer: Emotion regulation in infants.
• Question 41
2 out of 2 points
Video response. Review the video on, page 79 of your book.
True or false: The students demonstrate three processes of understanding: adaption, assimilation and accommodation related to their knowledge of tadpole development and the new information provided by the teacher about their growth.
Selected Answer: True
• Question 42
2 out of 2 points
Infants form multiple attachments, to both mother and father and perhaps to a sibling, grandparent, and so on. Which of the following statements is most consistent with available data on the impact of these attachments?
Selected More than one secure attachment adds value, serving as a further Answer: protective factor.
• Question 43
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following best represents early prenatal brain development?
Selected The hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain emerge from the neural tube Answer: around the 25th day of gestation.
• Question 44
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statements does not reflect contemporary critiques of Piagetian theory that have experimental support?
Selected Infants frequently have the ability to mentally represent objects at Answer: birth.
• Question 45
2 out of 2 points
When considering the level of trait in easy and difficult temperaments, as summarized in table 4.3, which statement is FALSE:
Selected Answer: Easy temperament styles have low regularity in their rhythmicity.
• Question 46
2 out of 2 points
Bea is the mother of 4-month-old Alex. She has been depressed since Alex’s birth and is frequently withdrawn. Because of Bea’s depression, we can expect that, in comparison to other 4-month-olds, Alex experiences will display
Selected Answer: More fearfulness and turning away.
• Question 47
2 out of 2 points
In Bowlby’s attachment theory, which of the following represents a primary outcome of the formation of attachments in infancy?
Selected Answer: A working model of self, of others, and of relationships.
• Question 48
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statements is NOT indicative of intergenerational transmission:
Selected Intergenerational transmission is less likely for mothers with strong Answer: dissociative tendencies.
• Question 49
2 out of 2 points
Theories of development differ from opinion primarily because:
Selected Answer: they are based on scientific research.
• Question 50
2 out of 2 points
Which statement about cross-cultural influence on infant attachment is TRUE:
Selected In strange-situation-tests across cultures, a secure base is indicated by Answer: distress when she is separated and comfort when she returns. [Show Less]