REHS Kentucky Exam Study Guide - Complete Solutions (Answered) What is the most plentiful form of available water? Groundwater What are Waterborne
... [Show More] Diseases? Results from ingestion of water that is harboring a pathogen example: Typhoid fever. What are Water-washed Diseases? Spread by fecal-oral route or person to person contact. Facilitated by lack of personal hygiene. What are Water-based Diseases? Caused by infection arising through ingestion of pathogenic agent Example: guinea worm larvae, Termatode larvae. What are Water-related Diseases? Facilitated by insects vector that breed in water: example filariastus abthropods that carry Dengue fever. What are Inhalation of contaminated water aerosols? Legionella Pneumophila What is the ecologic agent of cyclosporiasis? Cyclospora Cayetanensis What food is associated with cyclosporiasis? Imported Raspberries, Lettuce form South America Most waterborne disease fatalities occurred before 1940 and were attributed to the waterborne illness? Typhoid Fever Waters suitable for drinking water supplies and shellfish rearing are monitored routinely for? Microbiological Quality Only what % of the global content of water constitutes fresh water? 2.6 or 3 Percent What is a waterborne disease that can be prevented through vaccinations is? Typhoid Fever or Cholera The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that ______% of all diseases are attributable to inadequate water or sanitation 80 Percent Viral infections readily spread through drinking water, food and water-contact recreation activities due to what? The low infectious dose for pathogenic viruses and protoza. Shigellosis: A bacteria What is the specific agent for shingellosis? Genus shingella Example: flexneri, sonnei, boydlii, and dysenteriae What is the Reservoir for shingellosis? Feces of carriers and infected persons What are the symptoms of shingellosis? Acute onset with diarrhea, fever, tenesmus, frequent stools containing blood and mucus. What is the incubation for shingellosis? 1-7 days, usually less than 4 days Botulism Bacterial toxin What is the specific agent for botulism? Clostridium botulinum and c para botulinum that produce toxins What is the reservoir for botulism? Soil, dust, fruits, veggies, food, mud, fish, animals and human feces. What are the symptoms of botulism? GI pain, diarrhea or constipation, prostration, difficulty swallowing, double vision, difficulty in respiration. What is the incubation period of botulism? 2 hours to 8 days, usually 12-36 hours Bacillus Cereus Food poisoning (Emetic Type) Emetic= vomiting bacterial toxins What are the specific agent for Bacillus Cereus (Emetic Type)? Bacillus Cereus, Toxins heat stable What is the reservoir for Bacillus Cereus (Emetic Type)? Spores found in wide variety of cereals, spices, veggies, and milk. What are the symptoms for Bacillus Cereus (Emetic Type)? Vomiting, diarrhea, and nausea What is the incubation period for Bacillus Cereus (Emetic Type)? 1- 6 hours Bacillus Cereus Food poisoning (Diarrheal Type) Bacterial toxins What is the specific agent for Bacillus Cereus Food poisoning (Diarrheal Type)? Bacillus cereus, toxin heat stable What is the reservoir for Bacillus Cereus Food poisoning (Diarrheal Type)? Spores found in wide variety of cereals, spices, veggies, and milk. What are the symptoms for Bacillus Cereus Food poisoning (Diarrheal Type)? Diarrhea, cramps, and vomiting sometimes What is the incubation period for Bacillus Cereus Food poisoning (Diarrheal Type)? 6-16 hours Typhoid Fever Bacteria What is the specific agent for typhoid fever? Typhoid bacillus, salmonella typhi What is the reservoir for typhoid fever? Feces and urine of typhoid carrier in patient What are the symptoms of typhoid fever? General infection characterized by continued fever, usually rose spots on the trunk and diarrhea disturbances. What is the incubation period for typhoid fever? Average 14 days, usually 7-21 days Campylobacter Enteritis Bacteria What is the specific agent of Campylobacter Enteritis? Campylobactor Jejuni
What is the reservoir of Campylobacter Enteritis? Chickens, swine, dogs, cats, human, raw milk, contaminated H2O What are the symptoms of Campylobacter Enteritis? Watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, blood in stool What is the incubation period for Campylobacter Enteritis? 1- 10 days, 2-5 days average Amebiasis Protozoa What is the specific agent for amebiasis? Entamoeba histoltica What is the reservoir for amebiasis? Bowel discharge of carriers, and infected persons, possibly rats What are the symptoms of amebiasis? Insidious and undermined onset of diarrhea or constipation, loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, and blood mucus in stool What is the incubation period of amebiasis? 5 days or longer, average 2-4 weeks Staphylococcus Food Poisoning Bacterial Toxins What is the specific agent of Staphylococcus Food Poisoning? Staphylococci that produces entero-toxin, staphylococcus aureus toxin is stable at boiling temperature What are the reservoir of Staphylococcus Food Poisoning? Skin, mucus membranes, pus, dust, air, sputum and throat What are the symptoms of Staphylococcus Food Poisoning? Acute nausea, vomiting and prostration, diarrhea, abdominal cramps usually explosive in nature, followed by recovery. What is the incubation period of Staphylococcus Food Poisoning? 1-6 hours or longer, average 2-4 hours Cholera Bacteria What is the specific agent of cholera? Vibrio Comma What is the reservoir of cholera? Feces, vomitus carriers What are the symptoms of cholera? Diarrhea, rice-water stools, vomiting, thirst, pain and coma What is the incubation period of cholera? A few hours- 5 days, usually 3 days Yersiniosis Bacteria What are the specific agent of Yersiniosis? Yersinia entercolitica, yersinia pseu-dotuberculosis What is the reservoir of Yersiniosis? Wild and domestic animals, birds, humans, surface water What are the symptoms of Yersiniosis? Diarrhea, cramps, fever, headache, vomiting, skin rash, and pseudo-appendicitis What is the incubation period of Yersiniosis? 3-7 days, usually 2-3 days Trichinosis Helminths What is the specific agent of Trichinosis? Trichinella Spiralis What is the reservoir of Trichinosis? Pigs, bears, mild boars, rats, foxes and wolves What are the symptoms of Trichinosis? Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle pain, swelling of face, and eyelids, and last difficultly breathing What is the incubation period of Trichinosis? 2- 28 days, usually 9 days Cryptospordiosis Protozoa What is the specific agent of Cryptospordiosis? [Show Less]