Frequency
Count of each instance
Duration
Time spent engaged in single instance of target behavior
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Latency
Time from
... [Show More] onset of stimulus to onset of response
discontinuous measurement procedures
Recording a sample of instances of the target behavior according to predetermined schedule (e.g., momentary time sampling, partial interval, etc.)
Partial interval recording
Recording if the target behavior occurred at any point in time in a predetermined interval
permanent product recording procedures
Recording performance of a skill based on observing a finished product, not the actual performance of the skill
preference assessments
Conducting formal assessment(s) to determine client preferences for various items/activities and/or implementing informal "preference checks" throughout sessions to ensure motivation remains high
Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement
Items are presented in an array and the client is instructed to pick one and given time to engage with that item. After the engagement interval, the array is presented again without the already selected item(s) and the client selects again. Process continues until all items are chosen or client stops choosing items. The FULL array is presented 3-5 times and selection percentage is calculated to give preference gradient.
ABC Data
Data recorded on the immediate antecedent and consequence for observed instances of target behavior
Rating Scale
Structured assessment form with questions regarding various functions of challenging behavior used to identify likely function(s) to be completed by primary caregivers and others familiar with client
Reinforcement
The process of providing a reinforcer contingent on the client engaging in a behavior that you want to increase
Reinforcer
A stimulus (item, activity, statement, etc.) that, when provided immediately after a response, results in an increase in the future frequency of that response
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Unconditioned Reinforcer
A stimulus that requires no learning history to have reinforcing value
Fixed Ratio (FR) Reinforcement
A reinforcer follows a fixed number of responses
Variable Ratio (VR) Reinforcement
A reinforcer follows a variable number of responses
Fixed Interval (FI) Reinforcement
A reinforcer is contingent on the first response after a fixed amount of time since the last opportunity for reinforcement
Variable Interval (VI) Reinforcement
A reinforcer is contingent on the first response after a variable amount of time since the last opportunity for reinforcement
Mass Trials
Trials of the same task/program are presented repeatedly for a set number of trials
Mixed Trials
Trials from various tasks/ programs are presented in random order for a set number of trials or a set amount of time
naturalistic teaching procedures
intentionally setting up teaching procedures to be implemented in the natural context for the skill being targeted
Natural Environment Teaching
The planned/contrived use of behavioral strategies in the client's everyday environment
Incidental Teaching
Implementation of behavioral strategies in the client's everyday environment as opportunities naturally arise
Task Analysis
Set of successive component steps, in small, teachable units, that comprise a complex behavior
Forward Chaining
Training the 1st step in the chain to fluency while prompting all successive steps. Successive steps are targeted for acquisition as the previous step reaches fluency.
Backward Chaining
Training the last step in the chain to fluency while prompting all preceding steps. Preceding steps are targeted for acquisition as the successive step reaches fluency.
Total Task Presentation
Training all steps in the chain at the same time
Stimulus Control
When a particular response occurs more frequently in the presence of one stimulus (or stimuli set) than in the presence of another stimulus (or stimuli set)
Transfer of control
Performance established at one time in one place now occurs in a different time and place
Prompt
An additional stimulus paired with the SD/instruction that brings about correct responding.
Most-to-least prompting (MtL)
Type of prompt hierarchy beginning with most intrusive prompt required to gain correct responding and fading out as success is observed
Least-to-most prompting (LtM)
Type of prompt hierarchy beginning with the least intrusive level of prompting and increasing as errors occur
Discriminative Stimuli (SDs)
A stimulus in the the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced
Environmental Enrichment
Altering the environment to increase access to reinforcers currently available only contingent on certain behaviors
Noncontingent Reinforcement
Access to the putative/ functional reinforcer is available independent of any particular responses/behaviors (i.e., getting the "good stuff" for free)
Deprivation
Withholding or being without access to a reinforcer, thus increasing the value of accessing that reinforcer
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behaviors
Providing functional reinforcer contingent on a specific alternative/ replacement behavior while withholding that reinforcer contingent on target negative behavior [Show Less]