What is dysmenorrhea? - ANSWER Pain with menstruation, typically involving abdominal cramps
What are the signs and symptoms of dysmenorrhea? - ANSWER
... [Show More] Main symptom is pain occurring in the lower abdomen and may also be felt in the hips, lower back, or thighs. Other symptoms; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lightheadedness, or general achiness
What is the treatment for dysmenorrhea? - ANSWER NSAIDS, sometimes surgery to remove the source of the pain
What is striae gravidarum? - ANSWER Stretch marks due to sudden weight gain; normally caused by pregnancy
What is the treatment for striae gravidarum? - ANSWER There really is no effective treatment but some topical agents might reduce the severity
What is amenorrhea? - ANSWER Abnormal absence of menstruation
What are the signs and symptoms of amenorrhea? - ANSWER Absent period: depending on the reason, some symptoms are milky discharge from the nipples, hair loss, headache, vision changes, excess facial hair, pelvic pain, and acne
What are some treatments for amenorrhea? - ANSWER Contraceptive pills or other hormone therapies
What is placenta abruption? - ANSWER It is the separation of the placenta from the uterine lining.
What are the signs and symptoms of placenta abruption? - ANSWER Vaginal bleeding (some cases do not have bleeding), uterine tenderness, rapid contractions, abdominal pain, and fetal heart rate abnormalities
What is the treatment of placenta abruption? - ANSWER Partial separation: bed rest and close monitoring // total or complete separation: delivery is often the safest course of action
What is placenta previa? - ANSWER It is a condition where the placenta lies low in the uterus and partially or completely covers the cervix. The placenta may separate from the uterine wall as the cervix begins to dilate during labor.
What are the signs and symptoms of placenta previa? - ANSWER Premature contractions, baby is breech or is in transverse position, an uterus measures larger than it should according to gestational age
What is the treatment for placenta previa? - ANSWER Bed rest, frequent hospital visits, steroids may be given to help mature the baby's lungs, and if bleeding occurs an immediate cesarean is done
What is pre-eclampsia? - ANSWER It is a pregnancy complication that causes high blood pressure, kidney damage, and other issues. It is potentially life threatening.
What are the signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia? - ANSWER Unusual swelling in the face or puffiness around the eyes, swelling in the hands, sudden or excessive swelling of feet or ankles, gains four pounds or more in one week, severe or persistent headache, vision changes, intense pain or tenderness in upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty breathing
What is the treatment for pre-eclampsia? - ANSWER It is usually hospitalization for observation, if it is severe there will be hospitalization for the rest of the pregnancy, activity will be extremely limited, medication will be given to lower blood pressure, corticosteroids will be given to help mature baby's lungs, and c-section if condition is getting worse or the baby is not thriving
What is eclampsia? - ANSWER It is a condition in which one or more convulsions occur in a pregnant woman suffering from high blood pressure, often followed by coma and posing a threat to the health of mother and baby.
What are signs and symptoms of eclampsia? - ANSWER Severe headaches, excess weigh gain during pregnancy, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, unusual swelling, muscle pain, and seizures
What is the treatment for eclampsia? - ANSWER Treatment would be to deliver the baby, and physician may prescribe low-dose aspirin
What is macrosomia? - ANSWER It is a newborn who is significantly larger than average.
What are the signs and symptoms of macrosomia? - ANSWER Large fundal measurement (measurement from top of uterus to pubic bone) and excessive amniotic fluid
What is the treatment of macrosomia? - ANSWER Treating the underlying condition such as diabetes, frequent monitoring of pregnancy, and possible c-section
What is intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)? - ANSWER It is a term used to describe a condition in which the fetus is smaller than expected for the number weeks of pregnancy.
What are the signs and symptoms of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)? - ANSWER A common sign is that the uterine fundal height (measurement from naval to pelvic area) measurement distance is too small indicating a small fetus.
What is the treatment for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)? - ANSWER Treatment would be delivery. If gestational age is less than 34 weeks, continued monitoring will be done until the 34th week and delivery would be recommended
What is amniotic fluid? - ANSWER It is the fluid surrounding a fetus within the womb
What is Wharton's Jelly? - ANSWER It is a gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord that provides support for the vein and arteries of the umbilical cord.
What is hyperemesis gravidarum? - ANSWER It is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and electrolyte disturbance.
What is the treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum? - ANSWER Mild cases are treated with dietary changes, rest, and antacids. Severe cases may require a stay in the hospital to receive fluid and nutrition intravenously.
What are the signs and symptoms of hyperemesis gravidarum? - ANSWER Severe nausea and vomiting, food aversions, weight loss, decrease in urination, dehydration, headaches, confusion, fainting, jaundice, extreme fatigue, low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, loss of skin elasticity, anxiety, or depression.
What is an ectopic pregnancy? - ANSWER It is a pregnancy that occurs when a fertilized egg attaches itself in place other than a uterus. The attachment of the fertilized egg usually occurs in the fallopian tube.
What are signs and symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy? - ANSWER Sharp or stabbing pain that may come and go and vary in intensity (pain may be in the abdomen, pelvis, neck or shoulder), vaginal bleeding, gastrointestinal symptoms, weakness, dizziness, or fainting
What is the treatment for an ectopic pregnancy? - ANSWER Medication may be given to absorb the pregnancy, or surgery to remove fetus and/or the damaged fallopian tube
What is preterm labor? - ANSWER It is labor occurring before 37 weeks of gestation.
What are the signs and symptoms of preterm labor? - ANSWER Five or more uterine contractions in an hour, watery fluid leaking from vaginal area, menstrual-like cramps, dull low backache below the waistline that may come or go or be constant, pelvic pressure, abdominal cramps occurring with or without diarrhea, an increase or change in vaginal discharge.
What is the treatment for preterm labor? - ANSWER Medication given intravenously or orally to decrease the frequency of contractions, and corticosteroids to help mature baby's lungs and brain
What is gestational diabetes? - ANSWER Pregnant woman who have never had diabetes before pregnancy but have high blood glucose levels during pregnancy. This condition is temporary.
What are the signs and symptoms of gestational diabetes? - ANSWER Sugar in urine, unusual thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, nausea, frequent infections (vaginal, bladder, and skin), and blurred vision
What is the treatment for gestational diabetes? - ANSWER close monitoring of mother and baby, self-moniotoring of blood glucose levels, insulin therapy, diet, exercise management
What is GTPAL? - ANSWER G=Gravida is the number of pregnancies // T= Number of Term pregnancies // P= number of preterm pregnancies // A= number of abortions (spontaneous or induced) // L= number of living children
What is EDB? - ANSWER Estimated date of birth Naegele's rule (add 7 days, subtract 3 months from date of patients last normal menstrual cycle (LMP) and add a year where necessary).
What is the Human Papilloma virus (HPV)? - ANSWER It is a sexually transmitted disease that can lead to cervical cancer, vaccination is available
What are the signs and symptoms of the Human Papilloma virus (HPV)? - ANSWER Most do not have signs or symptoms, some can produce genital warts, a pap test with positive results for abnormal cells
What is the treatment for Human Papilloma virus? - ANSWER There is no treatment for it but cryotherapy (freeze and remove precancerous cells from the cervix) and LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure, treatment to remove precancerous cells from the cervix with electrical current) can be used.
What is Betamethasone? - ANSWER It is a steroid given to help unborn baby's lungs to develop more quickly
What are the side effects of Betamethasone? - ANSWER For the unborn baby; immune system, neurological development, and growth are affected if the baby has a low birth weight or treatment is given earlier during pregnancy in high doses.
What is Pitocin? - ANSWER A hormone commonly used to induce or continue labor pains or control bleeding after labor. [Show Less]