PCN drug-drug interactions
-aminoglycosides
-bacteriostatic antibiotics
-probenecid
Cephalosporin Generation
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-cephalexin
-cephazolin
-cephadoxil
Cephalosporin and PCN
Cross allergy w/PCN
Carbapenems
not active against MRSA
Vancomycin treats
gram positive
Vancomycin AE
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, red man syndrome
Vancomycin main danger
Hosp/vent. pneumonia in pt w/ Crcl less than 50 as it increases mortality
Monobactams treats
gram negative aerobic
Fosfomycin treats
enterococcus and Ecoli
Aminoglycosides treat
gram negative bacilli
Aminoglycosides adverse effects
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
aminoglycosides peak and trough
Peak: 30 min after IV or IM
Trough: divided- before next dose, daily-1 hr before next dose (value should be low: like zero)
Sulfonamides MOA
inhibit folic acid synthesis
UTI drugs
1) TMP/SMZ and nitrofurantoin
2) levofloxacin & ciprofloxacin
UTI in pregnancy
TMP/SMZ, Cipro, Levo, augmentin, cephalexin
recurrent UTI prophylaxis
TMP
Recurrent UTI other tx
SMZ 3 x week for 6 months; TMP or nitro at bedtime for 6 mos.
Acute Bact Prostatitis Tx
Floxacins
Tetracycline adverse effects
-Yellow/brown discoloration of teeth
-hepatotoxicity
-photosensitivity
-GI
-suprainfection/superinfection
tetracycline absorption is impaired by
-magnesium laxative
-antacids
-Calcium
-iron sup.
-milk
tetracycline treats
-lyme dx
-anthrax
-helicobacter pylori
-mycoplasma
Linezolid treats
VRE and MRSA
Telithromycin BBW
muscle weakness w/myasthenia gravis
Dalfopristin/Quinupristin BBW
reserve only for infection when not responding to vanco. to delay resistance
Chloramphenicol BBW
fatal aplastic anemia
Retapamulin and mupirocin tx
topical treatment for impetigo
Mupirocin (topical)
MRSA in nostrils
TB treatment
RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol); rifapentine and rifabutin
TB treatment is effective when
no mycobacteria in sputum and no colonies present in culture
TB second line injection drugs
Amikacin & Capreomycin
MDR-TB
resistant to isoniazid and rifampin
XDR-TB
resistant not only to isoniazid and rifampin but also to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of inject. second line drugs
TB promoting resistance
Daily observed therapy (DOT), intermittent dosing (2-3 times/week)
Tx of latent TB
INH (isoniazid) daily for 9 months
OR
INH + Rifampentin for 3 months
TB Evaluation
3 modes:
-bacterial eval of sputum
-clinical eval.
-chest radiographs
INH adverse effects
peripheral neuropathy (vit. b6, pyridoxine), hepatotoxicity, anemia, optic neuritis
Rifampin adverse effects
-Causes discoloration of bodily fluids
-GI
-cutaneous rxn
-hepatotoxic/hepatitis
Rifampin drug interactions
-Induces P450; can hasten drug metabolism
-Oral contraceptives
-Warfarin
-Drugs for HIV infection
Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin
-second line drugs for TB
Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin adverse effects
-GI
-Tendon rupture
Capreomycin Adverse Effects
nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity; BBW: disturbed balance
Bedaquiline BBW
hepatotoxicity
Fluroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin AE
-tendon rupture
-GI
-CNS
-increased risk of CDI
-BBW: myasthenia gravis ^ muscle weakness
Fluroquinolones absortion reduced by
-aluminum antacid
-magnesium antacid
-iron & zinc salts
-Sulcralfate
-milk & dairy products
Metronidazole BBW
has been shown to be carcinogenic in mice
Fidaxomicin treats
diarrhea w/C. diff
Bacitracin and Polymyxin B treats
Topical treatment for bacterial dx
Amphotericin B BBW
infusion rxn & nephrotoxicity; only use in life threatening infection
Itraconazole BBW
Don't give with HF or Ventricular disfunction
Ketoconazole BBW
Fatal hepatic necrosis and ^ QT
Flucocytosine BBW
Don't give to pts w/renal impairment
Ringworm of the scalp
tinea capitis
Ringworm of the feet
tinea pedis
Ringworm of the groin
tinea cruris (jock itch)
Ringworm of the body
tinea corporis
ringworm treatment
-Fluconazole
-Ketoconazole
-Itraconazole
Vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment
Fluconazole
Chlamydia treatment for adults
azithromycin or doxycycline
chlamydia treatment for children
< 45 kg= erythromycin
> 45 kg & less than 8 y.o.= azithromycin
N. gonorrhoeae treatment
Cephalosporins
Syphyllis treatment
PCN G for all stages
Trichomoniasis treatment
Metronidazole
bacterial vaginosis treatment
-Metronidazole
-Clindamycin [Show Less]