QASP Exam
Minimum supervision by a BCBA - Answer 1 hour/month
QASP will demonstrate - Answer trustworthiness, honesty, fairness and
... [Show More] sincerity
Non-discrimination policy - Answer The QABA Credentialing Board will not discriminate against applicants, candidates or certificants on the basis of race, color, gender (including gender identity and gender expression), religion, age, marital status, registered domestic partner status, disability, socioeconomic or ethnic background, sexual orientation, genetic information, veteran status or national origin, or any other characteristic protected by law.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Answer A disorder characterized by deficits in social relatedness and communication skills that are often accompanied by repetitive, ritualistic behavior.
ASD characteristics - Answer Communication- Delay or lack of development of language, diffiulty holding conversations, unusual or repetitive language, play that is not appropriate for developmental level.
Social interaction- Difficutly using nonverbal behaviors to regulate social interaction, failure to develop age appropriate peer relationships, little sharing of pleasure, achievements or interests with others, lack of social or emotional reciprocity.
Restrictied/Repetitive activities- Interests are narrow in focus, overly intense and/or unusual, unreasonalbe insistence on sameness and folowing familiar routines, repetitive motor mannerisms, preoccupation with parts of objects.
ASD deficits - Answer Social interaction, communication, repetitive/restricitive beahviors
Triad of Impairments - Answer Deficits in reciprocal social interaction
Deficits in communication
Restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests or activities.
joint attention - Answer Joint Attention and Social Referencing. Joint attention occurs when two people share interest in an object or event and there is understanding between the two people that they are both interested in the same object or event.
Hyper/hyposensitive sensory input - Answer Sometimes the senses of autistic children are in 'hypo', so that they do not really see, hear or feel anything. To stimulate their senses they might wave their hands around or rock forth and back or make strange noises.
Hypersensitive is the exact opposite, some may get too much sensory input from any of the senses.
Historical definitions of autism - Answer 1908- word autism is used to describe schizophrenic patients who were also withdrawn and self-absorbed.
Kanner (1943) described children who were highly intelligent but "displayed a powerful desire for aloneness" and rigidity/insistence on sameness
Hans Asperger (1944) difficulty with social interaction
1967- refrigerator mothers were the cause of autism
1980-infantile autism listed in the DSM
1987-autism disorder in DSM
1991-federal government makes autism a sped category
1994-Asperger's syndrome added to DSM
2013- DSM-5 folds all subcategories of autism ASD with two categories 1) impaired social communication and/or interaction. 2) restricted and/or repetitive beahviors
Co-Morbid conditions associated with autism - Answer Mental retardation, learning difficulties, ADD/ADHD, Depression, Anxiety, CD, Nonverbal learnning disabilities
Asperger's Syndrome Definition - Answer Developmentally appropriate language, but differences (pragmatics, sentence structure, pronunciation, vocabulary)
Social deficits, Literal interperatation of langauge
Asperger's Syndrome (HFA) common characteristics - Answer He's just as smart as other folks, but he has more trouble with social skills. He also tends to have an obsessive focus on one topic or perform the same behaviors again and again.
Diagnostic methods for ASD - Answer Often involves a multidisciplinary team (pediatrician, psychologist, SPL and OT). Criteria found in the DSM-5
Autism (word) History - Answer The word "autism" comes from the Greek word "autos," which means "self." It describes conditions in which a person is removed from social interaction. In other words, he becomes an "isolated self."
Evidence based treatments for ASD - Answer applied behavior analysis-DTT, FCT, PRT, Antecedent based interventions
Early intervention, social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, medication
AAC, PECS, Video modeling, visual supports, computer aided instruction, parent implemented intervention
IDEA- First recognized ASD - Answer 1990
IDEA - Answer Individuals with Disabilities Education Act-is a law that makes available a free appropriate public education to eligible children with disabilities throughout the nation and ensures special education and related services to those children
The IDEA governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and related services to more than 6.5 million eligible infants, toddlers, children, and youth with disabilities.
Infants and toddlers, birth through age 2, with disabilities and their families receive early intervention services under IDEA Part C. Children and youth ages 3 through 21 receive special education and related services under IDEA Part B.
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) - Answer when the Individualized Education Program (IEP) is written, a determination is made regarding the amount of time each student with disabilities will spend with nondisabled peers both in classroom and all other school activities.
IEP - Answer individualized education plan, a written statement for each child with a disability, must include:
statement of child's present levels of functional performance
measurable annual goals
IEP development - Answer Parental Rights- participate in meetings, outside and independent evaluation, ggive or deny consent, contest a school's decision, private eduxation paid by the public school ( when they acant provie an adequate education for your child;s specigtic needs.
Deadlines for Assessment- Identification of potential needs- 15 days for proposed assessment plan- parent has 15 days to consent to the plan- 60 days (not counting holidays) to hold an IEP meeting
Frequency of Meetings- annual review
Antecedent - Answer An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest.
Behavior - Answer The way an organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or external environment.
Consequence - Answer A stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest.
ABA- Defined - Answer The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior.
Pairing - Answer when the child has associated you with reinforcement, or good things.
A-B-C contingency - Answer antecedent, behavior, consequence
Motivating Operation - Answer An environmental variable that (a) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that have been reinforced by that stimulus, object, or event.
Negative Reinforcement - Answer the reinforcement of a response by the removal, escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus
Positive Reinforcement - Answer Increasing behaviors by presenting a stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, increases the future likelihoss of that same response.
Positive Punishment - Answer the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring
Negative Punishment - Answer the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring
Conditioned Reinforcement - Answer occurs when a stimulus reinforces set behaviors through its association with a primary reinforcer
Unconditioned Reinforcement - Answer a reinforcement that is inherent, such as food
Primary Reinforcement - Answer an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need
Secondary reinforcement - Answer Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcering after being paired with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, tokens, or gold stars
Contingent reinforcement - Answer situation in which a certain response must be made before a reinforcer is obtained; that is, no response, no reinforcer
Effective reinforcement strategies - Answer Set initial criterion at an easily achievable level
Use high quality reinforcers
Use varied reinforcers (prevent satiation)
Use direct reinforcers (natural) whenever possibel
Combine response prompts and reinforcement
Set a dense schedule (FR1) initially
Gradually thin reinforcement schedule
Gradually shift from contrived to naturally occurring reinforcers
Differential reinforcement - Answer Reinforcing only those responses within a response class that meet a specific criterion along some dimension(s) and placing all other responses in the class on extinction.
Schedules of reinforcement - Answer Intermittent Schedules- ratio/interval schedules. Not all responses of the same response class can be reinforced.
Compound Schedules
Extinction - Answer
deprivation - Answer the state of lacking or doing without something; loss
Satiation - Answer A decrease in the frequency of operant behavior presumed to be the result of continued contact with or consumption of a reinforcer that has followed the behavior.
extinction burst - Answer an increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented.
Discriminative Stimulus (SD) - Answer A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced; this history of differential reinforcement is the reason an SD increases the momentary frequency of the behavior.
Behaviorism (basic principles and assumptions) - Answer [Show Less]