Define public health issue - CORRECT ANSWER What is making us sick
Risk factors/determinants - CORRECT ANSWER what is the cause of the
... [Show More] disease/illness
Controversial/ethical concerns - CORRECT ANSWER ususally deals with money or individual liberties
Risk factor - CORRECT ANSWER common causes of illness; more under individual control (diet, smoking/drinking habits)
Risk condition - CORRECT ANSWER more distal causes of illness; less under individual control (biological, environmental)
Public health orinated from the idea of ________________. - CORRECT ANSWER group survival
Public health codes throughout history - CORRECT ANSWER - tribal rules
- bible
- hieroglyphs
- roman senate
"Salus populi" comes from the Roman senate meaning... - CORRECT ANSWER "let the welfare of the people be the supreme law"
Ancient Greeks - CORRECT ANSWER - personal hygiene
- naturalistic concept of disease
Hippocrates - CORRECT ANSWER - Father of western medicine
- casual relationships
- coined "epidemic"
Roman Empire - CORRECT ANSWER - Adopted Greek values
- rise of engineers (aqueducts)
- public baths
Middle Ages - CORRECT ANSWER - moved away from Greek values
- spiritual health
- isolated diseased individuals
The plague ("Black death") - CORRECT ANSWER 25-50% of population in Western Europe died
2 types: bubonic & pneumonic
Renaissance - CORRECT ANSWER - disease spread through traders
- killed 90% of indigenous people
Enlightenment - CORRECT ANSWER - Birth of modern medicine
- William Harvey
- Edward Jenner
William Harvey - CORRECT ANSWER - Enlightenment era
- dissections
- suggested animals reproduced via sperm and egg
Edward Jenner - CORRECT ANSWER - Enlightenment era
- Developed first "vaccine" from cowpox experiment
Industrialization - CORRECT ANSWER - poverty and slums
- life expectancy of working class was 7 years
Sanitary Awakening - CORRECT ANSWER - humanitarian ideals
- monitored community health status
- Dr. John Snow
Dr. John Snow - CORRECT ANSWER - Father of epidemiology
- Broad Street Pump (discovered cholera was a waterborne illness)
3 levels of prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Primary- Before illness occurs
Secondary - prompt diagnosis/treatment of illness
Tertiary - rehabilitation following illness
Dr. Benjamin - CORRECT ANSWER Everyone deserves equal rights/opportunities to good health
4 major levels of governmental public health - CORRECT ANSWER - national
- tribal
- state
- local
Main purpose of public health laws - CORRECT ANSWER 1) promote and protect health
2)ensure individual rights
3 core functions of public health - CORRECT ANSWER Assessment - monitor/investigate health
Policy development - educate/make laws
Assurance - enforce ph laws/evaluate
When did federal government begin to play and role in public health - CORRECT ANSWER 1915, because local governments could not handle it
Difference between equity and equality - CORRECT ANSWER Equality - everyone gets the same thing
Equity - people get what they need to have equal opportunity for good health
epidmiology - CORRECT ANSWER the study of the distribution of disease in populations. "Population medicine"
Epidemiology has shifted from _____________ disease to _______________ disease. - CORRECT ANSWER acute; chronic
Framingham Heart Study - CORRECT ANSWER 3 generation, longitudinal cohort study that discovered causes of heart disease. Primarily through self-report surveys and biological measurements.
Endemic - CORRECT ANSWER constant presence of disease
epidemic - CORRECT ANSWER presence of disease in excess of normal expectancy
pandemic - CORRECT ANSWER widespread outbreak of disease (over continent)
How do we measure health - CORRECT ANSWER - mortality/morbidity rates
- life expectancy
- quality of life
Rate - CORRECT ANSWER measure of a disease in relation to a unit of population over a given time period
incidence rate - CORRECT ANSWER number of new cases of a disease
prevalence rate - CORRECT ANSWER number of new and old cases of a disease, divided by the total number in that population
attack rate - CORRECT ANSWER an incidence rate calculated for a particular population for a single disease outbreak
Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER study of the cause of disease [Show Less]