PSYCHOPHARM FINAL EXAM LATEST
VERSION WITH 100% COMPLETE AND
CORRECT ANSWERS/A+ GRADE
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Arousal spectrum - answer as it spans around an
... [Show More] awake, alert, creative and problem
solving person
from deficient arousal to excessive arousal
Sleep wake switch - answer set of circuits in the hypothalamus that regulate sleep and
wake discontinuously
Tubermamillary nucleus (TMN) - answer Wake promoter (on)
Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) - answer Sleep promoter (off)
Lateral hypothalamus (LAT) - answer orexin containing neurons
these are lost in narcolepsy
especially narcolepsy with cataplexy
Suprachiasmic nucleus (SCN) - answer melatonin sensitive neurons
brains internal clock
pacemaker
regulates circadian input to the sleep wake switch
Histamine - answer key neurotransmitter regulating wakefulness
ultimate target of many drugs
produced from histidine
H1 and H3 receptors in brain
also acts on NMDA, but unclear how
all histamine neurons arise from a single small are of hypothalamus, the TMN
Homeostatic - answer sleep drive
Circadian - answer wake drive
Sleep regulation - answer small number of interconnecting systems or centers that are
located chiefly in the brainstem and that mutually activate and inhibit one another.
Norepinepherine - answer controlling sleep patterns
locus ceruleus
drugs and manipulations focused here reduce REM sleep
PSYCHOPHARM FINAL EXAM LATEST
VERSION WITH 100% COMPLETE AND
CORRECT ANSWERS/A+ GRADE
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Acetylcholine - answer particularly in the production of REM sleep
disturbances in central cholinergic activity are associated with sleep changes in
depression
Alzheimers dementia - answer reduced REM and slow wave sleep from loss of
cholinergic neurons in basal forebrain
Melatonin - answer secretion from pineal gland inhibited by bright light
lowest serum concentrations during day
Suprachiasmatic nucleus - answer hypothalamus
anatomical site of a circadian pacemaker that regulates melatonin secretion and the
entrainment of the brain to a 24 hour sleep wake cycle
Dopamine - answer has an alerting affect
Serotonin - answer prevention of synthesis or destruction of its house (raphe nucleus)
reduces sleep for a considerable time.
circadian rhythm - answer
Histamine synthesis - answer Histidine taken into histamine nerve terminals via a
histidine transporter and converted into histamine by enzyme histidine decarboxylase
(HDc) and packed into vesicles
Histamine metabolism - answer Termination: broken down intracellularly by histamine nmehtly-transferase (histamine NMT) which converts histamine into n-mehtly-histamine,
which then is converted by MAO-B into the inactive substance n-methly-indoleacetic
acid.
Histamine receptor H1 - answer H1 - really involved in sleep
G-protein linked receptor
Variety of intermediate steps to promoting sleep
Histamine receptor H2 - answer -does not appear to be directly related to wakefulness
-G protein linked
Histamine receptor H3 - answer a [Show Less]