Ch. 1
Group
Members pursuing common goals
Group Structure
EX: leader, someone who follows norms, a clown
Entitativity
In sync,
... [Show More] like a flash mob (not nat'l merit scholars because they are similar but not in the same area)
Secondary Groups
need increased for these due to complexity in human life
Floyd Allport
doesn't believe in groups
Group Interaction
Relationship and Task
Psychological Perspective
debate in early 1900s argued that human behavior is primarily a function of ability and personality characteristics
Lewin's concept of interactionism
assumes that person characteristics interact with environment to determine behavior
Lewins study of leadership and Sherif's study of norm development
Showed that social forces cause people to behave in ways that cannot be predicted by their personal characteristics
What does intelligence predict?
Intelligence does not predict group performance better than personality predicts group performance
Action Research
Blend of science and practice
Ch. 3
Freud and Groups
individual joins groups to attempt to psychologically replace the bond between the child and the family unit
Being a waiter
Reduce social loneliness, but not emotional loneliness
(The other answer options were reigniting and old romance and developing a new friendship.)
What does prolonged isolation cause?
insomnia, depression, fear, hallucinations, and delusions
Belongingness Hypothesis
the motivation to seek out and join groups with other humans is as basic and instinctual as the motivation to seek out food, water, and air.
Leary's Sociometer Model
self-esteem is an internal signal that warns people of possible exclusions from others.
When are people aggressive? (Gaertner, Iuzzini and O'Mara)
When they are excluded from groups
Individualism-Collectivism
DOES NOT apply to large groups (societies, nations), not small groups/individuals
Individualism and Rewards
Emphasis based on equity (as compared to collectivist cultures)
When does identification occur?
when you incorporate aspects of the groups to which we belong into our self-concepts (Group-serving bias, self-serving bias, and categorization)
Brewer's Optimal Distinctiveness Theory
humans DO NOT strive to belong to groups rather than distinguish themselves from the others. (Want to be special within the group)
BIRG
Basking In Reflected Glory
CORF
Cutting Off Reflected Failure
CH 4
Extraverts need ________ stimulation and Introverts need ______ stimulation
more, less
People high in need for affiliation
affiliate more and report high levels of anxiety in social situations compared to people with low need to affiliate
Why do people join groups?
because they have a need for information to understand the world/themselves
Schacter "misery loves miserable company"
threatening situation people seek company of people in the same boat
Social Comparison Theory
people don't compare themselves to others who are performing worse than they are to get power and control
Self Evaluation Maintenance Theory
You'll like people who are good at things you're not good at, but don't like people who are good at things your good at [Show Less]