Psychiatric Nurse Certification Exam 183 Questions with Verified Answers
Zyprexa (olanzapine) - CORRECT ANSWER atypical antipsychotic
Schizophrenia
... [Show More] - CORRECT ANSWER A psychotic disorder involving distortions in thoughts, perceptions, and/or emotions.
delirium - CORRECT ANSWER mental disorder marked by confusion; uncontrolled excitement; ADJ. delirious, reversible but can be fatal
Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER An abnormal condition marked by multiple cognitive defects that include memory impairment.
personality disorders - Cluster a: odd and eccentric - CORRECT ANSWER paranoid, schizoid, schizophrenia
Personalty disorders Cluster B: dramatic and emotional - CORRECT ANSWER Borderine, antisocial, narcissistic, histirionic,
borderline personality disorder - CORRECT ANSWER condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control
Personality disorder - Cluster C: anxious and fearful - CORRECT ANSWER avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive
antiosychotic drugs - CORRECT ANSWER Psychosis, schizophrenia, blocks dopamine and some serotonin
Antidepressants - CORRECT ANSWER Depression and bipolar, enhances serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine
Anti manic and mood stabilizerS - CORRECT ANSWER Bipolar, mania and/or depression, decrease glutamate and increase GABA
Anxiolytics - CORRECT ANSWER Anxiety, trauma, stressor-related disorders, enhance GABA, serotonin or serve as beta-blocker
cognitive engagement - CORRECT ANSWER Dementia, enhances acetylcholine and blocks glutamate
Psychostimulants - CORRECT ANSWER ADHD, increase norepinephrine and dopamine
Sedatives, Hypnotics, - CORRECT ANSWER Sleep disorders, increase norepinephrine and dopamine
Receptors - CORRECT ANSWER Agonist, antagonist, partial agonist
ion channels - CORRECT ANSWER channel proteins that transport ions
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
Transport pumps - CORRECT ANSWER proteins in the plasma membrane that release energy and use it to move substances across the membrane.
Anticholinergic effects - CORRECT ANSWER dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention
extrapyramidal symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER side effects such as restlessness, involuntary movements, and muscular tension produced by antipsychotic medications
Typical Antipsychotics - CORRECT ANSWER Dopamine-receptor antagonists- blocks dopamine- helps reduce positive symptoms of psychosis
first generation antipsychotics (typical): reduce positive symptoms of psychosis,blocks dopamine - CORRECT ANSWER Thorazine, proloxin, haldol, loxitane, serentil, Moran, trilafon, oral, mellaril, navane, stelazine
discontinuation syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Mostly with Paxil and Effexor
Buspar - CORRECT ANSWER Avoid grapefruit
Side effects of typical antipsychotics - CORRECT ANSWER Sedation, anticholinergic, hypotension, ohotosensitivity, drooling, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, EPS
Medication to treat EPS - CORRECT ANSWER AnticholinergicS (benztropine), antihistamine, symmetrel, canapés and tenex, inderal, Ativan, klonopin, ingrezza, austedo, xenazine,
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Life-threatening muscle rigidity, fever, and rhabdomyolysis.
Peplau's Theory - CORRECT ANSWER develop interaction between nurse and patient. (ex. nurse facilitates interpersonal relationships)
bipolar disorder - CORRECT ANSWER A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
Freud - CORRECT ANSWER id, ego, superego
Erickson's stages of psychosocial development - CORRECT ANSWER [formation of identity] trust v mistrust, autonomy v shame, initiative v guilt, industry v inferiority, identity v role confusion, intimacy v isolation, generativety v stagnation, integrity v despair
Piaget's stages of cognitive development - CORRECT ANSWER sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Kohlberg's stages of moral development - CORRECT ANSWER 6 identifiable developmental stages of moral reasoning which form the basis of ethical behavior, the pre-conventional (level 1) contains the first stage (obedience and punishment orientation and second stage (self-interest orientation)), the conventional (level 2) contains the third stage (interpersonal accord and conformity) and fourth stage (authority and social-order maintaining orientation) the post-convential (level 3) contains the 5th stage (social contract orientation) and 6th stage (universal ethical principles)
Harry Sullivan - CORRECT ANSWER He proposed interpersonal theory of personality.
He explained the role of interpersonal relationships and social experiences in shaping personality. The purpose of all behavior is to get needs met through interpersonal interactions and decrease or avoid anxiety. (adolescent friendships)
Watson - CORRECT ANSWER Behaviorism; "Little Albert Study"; aversion therapy
Skinner - CORRECT ANSWER operant conditioning
Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory - CORRECT ANSWER behavior, environment, and cognition are the key factors in development
cognitive behavioral therapy - CORRECT ANSWER a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
dialetical behavior therapy - CORRECT ANSWER cognitive- behavioral therapy for clients who have a personality disorder and exhibit self injurious behavior; focuses on gradual changes and provides acceptance and validation for these clients
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) - CORRECT ANSWER A mindfulness-based program that encourages clients to accept, rather than attempt to control or change, unpleasant sensations.
humanistic psychology - CORRECT ANSWER A clinical viewpoint emphasizing human ability, growth, potential, and free will.
Peplau's Interpersonal Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Focus on interpersonal relations between nurse, patient, and patient's family
Phases: preorientation, orientation, working, resolution
Middle-range theory
Attending Behavior - CORRECT ANSWER Verbal and nonverbal components that describe listening: eye contact, vocal qualities, verbal tracking, and body language.
Johari Window - CORRECT ANSWER a model of mutual understanding that encourages disclosure and feedback to increase our own open area and reduce the blind, hidden, and unknown areas
Phases of a Therapeutic Nurse-Client Relationship - CORRECT ANSWER Pre-interaction phase
Orientation (introductory) phase
Working phase
Termination phase
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) - CORRECT ANSWER Objective method of rating clinical symptoms that provides scores on 18 variables (e.g., somatic concern, anxiety, withdrawal, hostility, and bizarre thinking).
Mini Mental Status Exam - CORRECT ANSWER orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, language
Nursing Code of Ethics (ANA) - CORRECT ANSWER set of principles that reflect the primary goal, values, and obligations of the profession
benficence - CORRECT ANSWER to do good
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California - CORRECT ANSWER Must warn individual in danger
Negligence - CORRECT ANSWER Falls below accepted level of care
Malpractice - CORRECT ANSWER Failure by a health professional to meet accepted standard or
Five levels of evidence-based practice - CORRECT ANSWER Ask, Collect, Appraise, Synthesize, Evaluate
Descriptive qualitative study - CORRECT ANSWER Observations or interviews
Inferential/Quantitative - CORRECT ANSWER Measure quantities, metrics no numbers
nominal - CORRECT ANSWER Categorical, named variables. Ex:gender, race
Ordinal - CORRECT ANSWER rank, order, Ex: Likert Scale, Grades
interval - CORRECT ANSWER Divided by equal differences between values, ex: days, education
ratio - CORRECT ANSWER Ratios between measurement to; ex: age, weight
Pender's Health Promotion Model - CORRECT ANSWER Beliefs
Transtheoretical Model of Change - CORRECT ANSWER precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
Precede-Proceed Model - CORRECT ANSWER Community-bae
See health promotion assessment model: identifies preceding factors and examines 9 phases of the process
primary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Yoga class
secondary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER -focuses on early identification of individuals or communities experiencing illness, providing treatment, and conducting activities that are geared to prevent worsening health status
-examples: communicable disease screening and case finding; early detection and treatment of diabetes; exercise programs for older adult clients who are frail
tertiary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages, ex: AAA
Three domains of learning - CORRECT ANSWER cognitive, affective, psychomotor
flooding therapy - CORRECT ANSWER A behavioral treatment for phobias that involves prolonged exposure to a feared stimulus, thereby providing maximal opportunity for the conditioned fear response to be extinguished.
thought stopping - CORRECT ANSWER use of aversive stimuli to interrupt or prevent upsetting thoughts, blocks negative thought so can be replaced with positive
Acceptance Commitment Theraoy (ACT) - CORRECT ANSWER Accept emotion, choose direction, act accordingly, think, plan, act, match life choices
Dialetical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) - CORRECT ANSWER Mindfulness, manage distress, used for chronic suicidality and borderline personality disorder
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) - CORRECT ANSWER an exposure treatment in which clients move their eyes in a rhythmic manner from side to side while flooding their minds with images of objects and situations they ordinarily avoid, creates new association's
Murray Bowen's Family Systems Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Triangles, differentiation of self, emotional cutoff
Five stages of grief - CORRECT ANSWER denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Cerebrum/Cerebral Cortex - CORRECT ANSWER Outermost layer (and largest part) of the brain; responsible for thinking and processing information from the five senses
prefrontal cortex (frontal lobe) - CORRECT ANSWER executive functioning, working memory, personality
temporal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER Hearing, interpreting language, leaning & memory, emotional responses
parietal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER Sensory & motor
occipital lobe - CORRECT ANSWER Vision, language formation
basal ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER voluntary movement
Thalamus - CORRECT ANSWER the brain's sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medull
Hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWER brain region controlling the pituitary gland, flight or fright, master regulator
limbic system - CORRECT ANSWER Pleasure center
Amgydala - CORRECT ANSWER emotions
Hippocampus - CORRECT ANSWER memory
Cerebellum - CORRECT ANSWER Balance and coordination
Brainstem - CORRECT ANSWER responsible for automatic survival functions
grey matter - CORRECT ANSWER Information processor
white matter - CORRECT ANSWER Whitish nervous tissue of the CNS consisting of neurons and their myelin sheaths.
Neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWER chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
Serotonin - CORRECT ANSWER Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal, anxiety
Norepinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER A neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in learning and mood regulation
Epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER fight or flight
Dopamine - CORRECT ANSWER A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system., psychosis
GABA - CORRECT ANSWER An inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain., calmness and relaxations
Acetylcholine - CORRECT ANSWER A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction
Glutamate - CORRECT ANSWER A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory
Glycine - CORRECT ANSWER Monoamine involved in motor and sensory processjng
Histamine - CORRECT ANSWER Immune response, allergiex
monoamine dysregulation hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER Disruption in serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine
Depression - CORRECT ANSWER Deficit in 5ht, NE and Dopamine
Schizophrenia - CORRECT ANSWER Altered levels of dopamine
anxiety - CORRECT ANSWER Excess arousal if norepinephrine and glutamine, deficit in GAB
PTSD - CORRECT ANSWER Excess glutamine and hyperarousal of sympathetic NS
eating disorders - CORRECT ANSWER Deficits in serotonine
Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER Deficit in acetylcholine
ADD - CORRECT ANSWER Abnormalities in dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin
mood disorders - CORRECT ANSWER MDD, Persistent Depressive Disorder, SAD, PMDD, Postpartum Depression, substance/medication-induced disorders
bipolar disorder - CORRECT ANSWER mood disorder in one experiences both manic and depressed episodes
bipolar 1 disorder - CORRECT ANSWER More severe
Bipolar 2 - CORRECT ANSWER Not as severe
Hypomania - CORRECT ANSWER A mild manic state in which the individual seems infectiously merry, extremely talkative, charming, and tireless.
anxiety disorders - CORRECT ANSWER Generalized Anxiety Disorder., Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Specific Phobia, Social Anxiety Disorders
obsessive-compulsive disorder - CORRECT ANSWER OCD, body dysmorohic disorder, hoarding, trichottillomamia, dermatillomania
trauma and stressor related disorders - CORRECT ANSWER PTSD, Acute Stress Disorder,
Disassociate Disorders - CORRECT ANSWER Amnesia, fugue, identity disorder,
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders - CORRECT ANSWER Severe mental disorders characterized by a retreat from reality, by hallucinations and delusions, and by social withdrawal
schizoaffective disorder - CORRECT ANSWER Psychotic disorder featuring symptoms of both schizophrenia and major mood disorder.
delusional disorder - CORRECT ANSWER a psychotic disorder in which the primary symptom is one or more delusional
delirium - CORRECT ANSWER
Atypical antipsychotics - CORRECT ANSWER Dopamine-serotonin antagonists: treats both positive and negative symptoms of psychosis
Atypical antipsychotics drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Clozaril, Risperdal, Zyprexa, Seroquel, Geodon, Invega, Saphris, Fanapt, Latuda, Nuplazid
Side effects of atypical antipsychotics - CORRECT ANSWER agranulocytosis, weight gain, elevated blood sugar, orthostatic hypotension, sedation, cataracts,
Third generation antipsychotics - CORRECT ANSWER Dopamine/serotonin: may act as antagonist as well as partial agonist , less side effects
Long-acting injectables - CORRECT ANSWER Haldol, Prolixin, Risperdal, Zyprexa, Invega, Aristida, Abilify
Antidepressants - CORRECT ANSWER Also used to treat anxiety, OCD, trauma-stressors, eating disorders, fibromyalgia- enhance levels of monoamknes (serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine
third generation antipsychotics drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Abilify, Rexulti, Vraylar
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) - CORRECT ANSWER Prozac, Luvox, Paxil, Zoloft, Celexa, Lexapro
SNRI drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Anxiety, akathasia, restlessness, drowsiness, weight fluctuations, gastrointestinal distress, headache, sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome, discontinuation syndrome
Serotonin-norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) - CORRECT ANSWER Block Reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine- dual action
SNRI drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Effexor, Cymbalta, Pristiq, Ferzima
Side effects of SNRIs - CORRECT ANSWER Elevate BP, anxiety, restlessness, drowsiness, weight fluctuations, headache, gastrointestinal distress, discontinuation syndrome with venlafaxine
Substance Abuse Withdrawal and Treatment drugs - CORRECT ANSWER Benzodiazepines, Antabuse, Campral, Naltrexone, Subutex, Methadone, Narcan, Romazicon,; other meds: Clonodine, Topamax, Tegetrol, Wellbutrin
Antabuse (disulfiram) - CORRECT ANSWER A drug that causes intense nausea, vomiting, increased heart rate, and dizziness when taken with alcohol. It is often taken by people who are trying to refrain from drinking alcohol.
Campral (Acamprosate) - CORRECT ANSWER decerases alcohol cravings (glutamate antagonist)
Naltrexone (ReVia) - CORRECT ANSWER opioid antagonist, reduce cravingS, Vivitrol is monthly injection
Bupenorphine preparations - CORRECT ANSWER Subutex, buprenorephrine + naloxone= Suboxone
Monoamkne Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) - CORRECT ANSWER Inhibit the MAO enzyme from metabolizing they monoamine (serotonin, norepinephrine, doolamine) - also called psychic energizers- used as last resort
MAOI drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Nardil, Parnate, Marplan, Selegline
MAOI side effects - CORRECT ANSWER Orthostatic hypotension, insomnia, headache, weight gain, edema, sexual dysfunction, food interactions (tyramine foods) and drug interactions
Trycyckic antidepressants (TCAs) - CORRECT ANSWER Block the Reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, also blocks acetylcholine, histamine, alpha-adrenergic and sodium channels
TCA side effects - CORRECT ANSWER Original antidepressant but less common due to side effects, high toxicity and lethality potential
TCA drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Elavil, Tofranil, Pamelor, Norpramin, Anafranil, Sinequan
TCA side effects - CORRECT ANSWER Anticholinergic effects, caution for elderly due to side effects
Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRI) - CORRECT ANSWER Blocks norepinephrine and dopamine- used for depression, ADHD, smoking cessation
NDRI drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Wellbutrin, Fortivo
NDRI side effects - CORRECT ANSWER Dry mouth, nausea, abdominal pain, decreased weight loss & appetite, insomnia. Dizziness, headache. Agitation, anxiety, tremor, tinnitus, sweating, rash, hypertension. Contraindicated inpatients with seizures, history of head trauma, or an active eating disorder
Atypical Antidepressants drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Remeron, Trazadone, Vilbyrd, Trintellix
Antimanic and mood stabilizers - CORRECT ANSWER Mood stabilization and bipolar disorder- rebalance neurotransmitter levels - need to titration and taper, can monitor via blood levels
Antimanic and mood stabilizer drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Lithium: toxicity >1.5
Lamictal (lamotrigine) - CORRECT ANSWER Anticonvulsant: Titer slowly to avoid Steven's Johnson syndrome
Mood stabilizers- anticonvulsant drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Depakote, Tegretol, Lamictal,: off-label agents: Trileptal, Topamax, Gabapentin
Atypical antipsychotics used as mood stabilizers drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Abilify, seroquel, Risperidone, Zyprexa, Geodon, Vraylar, Latuda, Symbax
Anxiolytics - CORRECT ANSWER Anxiety, panic, PTSD, insomnia- enhancing effects of GABA or serotonin - may take weeks to build ul
Anxiolytics - benzodiazepines drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Ativan, Xanax, Klonopin, Valium, Restoril, Serax, Halcion, Tranxene, Librium
Benzodiazepine side effects - CORRECT ANSWER Drowsiness, fatigue, ataxia, slurred speech, weakness, forgetfulness, taper slowly, can be lethal in overdose (flumazenilni is antidote)
Anxiolytics- non benzodiazepine drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Buspar, inderal, Clonodine, Prazosin, Visteril, Gabalentin
Cognitive enhancers for dementia - CORRECT ANSWER Enhances acetylcholine and blocks excitatory glutamate
Dementia drug side effects - CORRECT ANSWER Nausea. Vomiting diarrhea, appetite loss, elevated liver enzymes
Dementia drugs- cholinesterase inhibitors drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Donepezil, Exelon, Razadyne
Dementia drugs- glutamate antagonist drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Namenda
Psychostimulants - CORRECT ANSWER Treat ADHD, depression, narcolepsy, enhances levels of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin
Sedatives, hypnotics, sleep aid drug names - CORRECT ANSWER Ambien, Sonata, Lunesta, Rozeram, Belsomra, Ativan,Xanax, Klonopin, Restoril, Halcion, Trazadone, Remeron, TCAs, antihistamines,
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - CORRECT ANSWER Induces seizure which rebalances neurotransmitters
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) - CORRECT ANSWER Magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells, for depression
deep brain stimulation (DBS) - CORRECT ANSWER mild electrical stimulation through an electrode that is surgically implanted deep in the brain, for severed depression and OCD
Photothrapy - CORRECT ANSWER Sunbox and artificial sunlight- for sensory depression
psycho surgery (lobotomy) - CORRECT ANSWER Frontal orbital lobotomy, rarely uses
AIMS screening - CORRECT ANSWER Abnormal involuntary movement scale, 1 is normal, 4 is severe
Erik Erikson - CORRECT ANSWER Psychoanalytic psychologist, re-envisioned the psychosexual stages as eight psychosocial stages.
Jean Piaget - CORRECT ANSWER cognitive development
Cognitive Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Thoughts strongly influence feelings and behaviors
Echolalia - CORRECT ANSWER automatic and immediate repetition of what others say
HEEADSS Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER Home-Education-Eating-Activities-Drugs-Suicide-Sexuality
global assessment tool used by healthcare providers that identify multiple & major risk areas among adolescent population
CAGE questionnaire - CORRECT ANSWER a frequently used screening tool used to identify patinets who may have alcohol abuse;
Question are CUT down, ANNOYED by criticism, GUILTY about drinking, drink in morning EYE-OPENER
Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) - CORRECT ANSWER -ranges from 1 (death) to 100 (total absence of mental/physical problems)
-describes total well being
clang associations - CORRECT ANSWER the stringing together of words that rhyme but have no other apparent link
Neologism - CORRECT ANSWER a new word, expression, or usage; the creation or use of new words or sense should not
BPRS (brief psychiatric rating scale) - CORRECT ANSWER Averaging scores of thinking disturbance, withdrawal/retardation, hostile/suspiciousness, anxious/depression- 18 items
PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) - CORRECT ANSWER Measures severity of schizophrenia
Serotonin - CORRECT ANSWER Mood, anxiety, appetite, eating behavior, sleep
Norepinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER Arousal, concentration, learning, memory, mood, stress response
Lithium ranges - CORRECT ANSWER Therepeutic: 0.4-1.0, to treat acute mania: 0.8-1.4, above 1.5=lithium toxicity [Show Less]