PET scan and fMRI imaging show that pain stimuli activate which parts of the brain? -
CORRECT ANSWER C. Many areas of the brain, including all of
... [Show More] these
Unlike rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis. - CORRECT ANSWER D. Affects primarily older
people
What might be a reinforcer for pain behavior? - CORRECT ANSWER C. Monetary
compensation for injury
Which of these is NOT a distinction between chronic and acute pain? - CORRECT ANSWER C.
Acute pain is physical; chronic pain is psychological
According to the gate control theory of pain, the spinal cord.. - CORRECT ANSWER B.
modulates the input of sensory information
Carlos is a 45 year old civil engineer who has never had a migraine headache. His chances of a
first migraine are.... - CORRECT ANSWER D. Nonexistent
In comparison to behavior modification techniques, cognitive therapy.... - CORRECT ANSWER
A. Places more emphasis on the interpretation of events
Not all people in ERs for accidental injuries report pain, but all people who are tortured
experience pain. What can explain this difference? - CORRECT ANSWER C. Any or all of
these
The branches of nerve bundles are ______________ tracts, which route information
____________ the brain; and _____________ tracts, which route information ______________
the brain. - CORRECT ANSWER B. Sensory, toward; motor, from
The Visual Analog Scale is considered to be: - CORRECT ANSWER B. Self-Report Measure
What is bandwidth? - CORRECT ANSWER it measures our computational capacity, out ability
to pay
attention, to make good decisions, to stick with our plans, and to
resist temptations
How is bandwidth and the tunnel related? - CORRECT ANSWER By constantly drawing us
back into the 'tunnel'
scarcity taxes our bandwidth, and as a result, inhibits our most
fundamental capacities
➜ That is why ppl under poverty don't get out of poverty
What were the purpose of poverty aid programs? - CORRECT ANSWER To give ppl some
bandwidth
Can bandwidth diminish over the day? - CORRECT ANSWER Yes! Why you should do the
important things in the morning
How is bandwidth associated with working memory? - CORRECT ANSWER processing of new
information, and elements of executive functioning such as
circumspect anticipation of future consequences
➜ Bandwidth depletions deplete processing of new information - as
such even the best designed public health campaign which
requires people to absorb new information may not work. (Ppl are tunneling and not taking it in)
How is bandwidth used in candy by the cash register? - CORRECT ANSWER These bandwidth
depletions also make it more difficult to exert
behavioral control and health promoting behaviors (More likely to reach for that candy after
shopping)
The discourse and policy about poverty reflects the current prevailing opinions about poverty.
What are these opinions? - CORRECT ANSWER Poverty as a moral failing
➜ The poor are lazy and let
themselves be placed in this
situation
The corollary that the rich are deserving of their good fortune)
➜ In reality, a majority of the rich
ppl inherited their riches
*This ideology derives from the presumption that it is an even
playing field*
How does our view on poverty reflect on bandwidth? - CORRECT ANSWER The theoretical
and empirical work on scarcity opines that scarcity
and its impacts on bandwidth are a cognitive construct that are
"morality blind"
Current media and opinion tend to impugn the "poor" and this can
translate into policy discourses that seek to punish those with
fewer economic resources rather than harness empirically and
cognitively paradigms to devise humane best practices for working
with clients living in poverty
How does poverty attenuate bandwidth? - CORRECT ANSWER The "poor" do NOT have less
bandwidth than other people, rather - the experience of poverty
reduces ANYONE's bandwidth
Living in poverty reduces a person's cognitive capacity more
than going one full night without sleep
*A shortage of bandwidth further perpetuates scarcity*
Shafir and Mullainathan argue that poverty is not a shortage of money but? - CORRECT
ANSWER Bandwidth
➜ *Poverty taxes the mind - the research on bandwidth and scarcity
suggest that poverty taxes the mind in a universal manner*
Living under conditions of poverty, opens ppl to errors. What does it mean? - CORRECT
ANSWER Human beings living under conditions of poverty are not less
"capable" per se but their cognitive capacity will be delimited by
scarcity, and subsequently they will be more vulnerable to errors
that perpetuate not only scarcity but also to errors that will magnify
their economic and social difficulties
What are some errors that can occur when our bandwidth is stretched? - CORRECT ANSWER
•Paying bills on time
•Saving money (or other resources) for the future
•Impacts on current models of retirement planning
•Budgeting
•Engaging in healthy behaviors
•Maintaining order and routine in our environments (daily chores,
cleanliness)
•Completing deadlines (students, professionals, tax forms,
immigration forms, educational applications)
•Adherence to medications and healthcare regimens
•Maintaining preventative health appointments
What are health disparities? - CORRECT ANSWER preventable differences in the burden of
disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by
socially disadvantaged populations
In what ways are health disparities seen as a multi-determined function of social class? -
CORRECT ANSWER •Access to preventative care (ease of access and appointments)
•Access to technological advancements
•Adherence (bandwidth)
•Quality and consistency of HCP relationships/continuity of care
•Insurance and reimbursement (streamlining of processes)
How can scarcity affect engagement in healthcare? - CORRECT ANSWER This becomes an
"acuity" issue - scarcity can delimit
engagement in health care and when it finally happens - it is
because the health issue has climbed to an un-ignorable, acute,
debilitating and expensive problem (and something new to
tunnel on)
What has research found in regards to wait times in healthcare? - CORRECT ANSWER •Ray et
al (2017) In nationally representative data - wait time
was found to be 25-28% longer in racial/ethnic minorities and
unemployed individuals
What are some challenges that low income clients face with healthcare delivery? - CORRECT
ANSWER •Preventative care
•Wait times
- 25-28% longer for racial ethnic
minorities and unemployed
•Travel times
•Issuance of realistic recommendations
•Adherence
•Delays in receiving appointments
•Understanding health/insurance benefits
•Interpersonal factors at the time of service delivery [Show Less]