Those who do develop a cold are more likely to have had a stressful experience, experience
fewer positive emotions, be less sociable, have less diverse
... [Show More] social networks than who do not
develop a cold
What model is used to view health today? - CORRECT ANSWER Biopsychosocial Model
- A disease results from a combo of the biological, psychological and social influences
- It views health as a positive condition
How is health currently define by WHO? - CORRECT ANSWER A state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What is health psychology? - CORRECT ANSWER Branch of psychology that concerns
individual behaviors and lifestyles affecting a person's physical health
- Recognized by the APA as a subfield of Psych in 1978
What is a similar discipline to health psychology? - CORRECT ANSWER Behavioral medicine-
-- it is concerned with the integration of biomedical science w/ behavioral sciences and
developed as a field in 1977.
What type of training do health psychologists receive? - CORRECT ANSWER Graduate training
in psychology, also special courses in health
What kind of jobs can health psychologists do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Health research, in
university or government agency settings
- Hospitals or clinics
- Allied health profession fields
What is a placebo? - CORRECT ANSWER It's an inactive substance or condition that has the
appearance of an active treatment
What can boost the effectiveness of a treatment of placebos? - CORRECT ANSWER A *belief*
in the effectiveness of a treatment boosts the treatment's effectiveness
Placebo effect may account for around _____ of the treatment effects. - CORRECT ANSWER
35%
True or False: Placebos have been shown to lead to negative health outcomes for many health
disorders and symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER FALSE: They have been shown to have
positive health outcomes
Placebos have been seen to be useful in: - CORRECT ANSWER - Migraine headaches, pain,
depression, anxiety, insomnia asthma, hypertension
What are some of the factors that can increase the placebo effects? - CORRECT ANSWER - Big
pills rather than smaller pills
- Colored pills rather than white pills
- Capsules rather than tablets
- Placebos labeled w/ brand names rather than generic labels
- More expensive than less expensive
What are some of the other interpersonal factors that can increase placebo effects? - CORRECT
ANSWER Physician expectations & Patient expectations
What are the underlying causes of the placebo effect? - CORRECT ANSWER Placebos don't
just affect ppl psychologically..... They can affect ppl physically as well
*Can after neurotransmitters, hormones and endorphins*
_____________ can have adverse effects that occurs when a placebo is given - CORRECT
ANSWER Nocebo
Nearly __________ of participants who are given a placebo experience negative side- effects. -
CORRECT ANSWER 20%
True or False: Treatments are effective when the treatment is more effective than the placebo. -
CORRECT ANSWER True
How is it determined if the treatment is more effective than a placebo? - CORRECT ANSWER
Directly comparing treatment vs. the placebo
- Use two groups of ppl: one group receives treatment and one group receives placebo and
ideally a third group is a control group that receives no treatment
What is the main method of testing to see a treatment effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER
Double blind procedure
- One group gets treatment and another group gets placebo and a third group may serve as a
control group
- Neither participants nor experimenters know which participants are receiving placebo vs.
treatment
What are the positives of the double blind design? - CORRECT ANSWER No expectancy
effects
What are the drawbacks of a double blind design? - CORRECT ANSWER - Some treatments do
not lend themselves well to having a "blinded" placebo counterpart (e.g. counseling, massage)
- Experimenters would not "be blind" --- they would know they are providing a "fake" treatment
What is a single blind design? - CORRECT ANSWER Participants are unaware if they are
receiving treatment or placebo but the experimenter is aware (not "blind")
How do researchers make health-related claims? - CORRECT ANSWER Be familiar with each
other's work
Use controlled methods for collecting data
Keep personal biases from contaminating results
Make claims cautiously
Replicate their studies
What are the main methods for collecting data? - CORRECT ANSWER - Correlational studies
- Cross-sectional studies
- Longitudinal studies
- Experimental designs/ Ex post facto designs
What are correlational studies? - CORRECT ANSWER Views the relationship between two
variables
What are the factors used in correlational studies? - CORRECT ANSWER - Researchers can
identify factors that are related to each other
- e.g. is having many friends associated with being physicaly healthy?
- Correlations are measured by a correlation coefficient; can range from -1 to 1
What are the two factors viewed in correlations? - CORRECT ANSWER Strength & Direction
What does it mean by the strength of a correlation? - CORRECT ANSWER - Measured by the
correlation coefficient
- Correlations closer to 1 to -1 indicate stronger relationships btwn the two variables
Which of the following examples shows a strong correlation?
A. Correlation of r=.89 would indicate many friends related to having good physical health
B. Correlation of r=.29 would indicate usage of gas and ice cream sales - CORRECT ANSWER
A. [Show Less]