PSY 368 Exam 3 WITH 101% VERIFIED
Questions and Answers
What is the behavioral perspective and treatment for
psychological causes of
... [Show More] depression?
Answer: Depressed people receive fewer social
rewards, Treatment focused on behavioral activation.
Dichotomous or "all or nothing" thinking.
Answer: thinking in "all or nothing" terms. If I can't
do it perfectly - I should just quit
Overgeneralizing
Answer: condemning yourself as a total person on
the basis of a single event. "I got a C on a
psychology test - I will never be a psychologist"
Selective thinking
Answer: concentrating on your weakness and
forgetting your strengths. "it does not matter that I
am a good singer. I cannot dance or act"
Catastrophizing
Answer: only paying attention to the dark side of
things, or overestimating the chances of disaster. "I
didn't get into an Ivy league school. I'll never have a
decent career"
Personalizing
Answer: taking things personally that have little or
nothing to do with you "jenny is so quiet. She must
be really angry with me."
Personal ineffectiveness
Answer: assuming you can do nothing to change
your situation. "jack always criticizes me. I wish he
would quit."
Cognitive Therapy
Answer: Increase activities, Challenge automatic
thoughts using thought records
Sociocultural Causes of Depression
Answer: Lack of social support, cultures, gender
explanations
Higher rates of recurrence of depression in
Answer: Hispanic Americans and African Americans
Gender explanations
Answer: Artifact theory, Hormones, Life stress, Body
dissatisfaction, Lack of control, Rumination
What is the Sociocultural Treatment?
Answer: INTERPERSONAL THERAPY (IPT)
What are the four interpersonal problems may lead to
depression and must be addressed?
Answer: Interpersonal loss, Interpersonal role
dispute, Interpersonal role transition, Interpersonal
deficits
Bipolar Disorders
Answer: Formerly called manic-depressive disorder,
Mood shifts between two emotional "poles"
Bipolar I
Answer: Alternating periods of mania and depression
MANIA
Answer: Person displays a continually abnormal,
inflated, unrestrained, or irritable mood as well as
continually heightened energy or activity for most of
every day for 1 week or more. Individual experiences
at least three of the following: (Inflated self esteem
or grandiosity, Decreased need for sleep,
Talkativeness, Flight of ideas or racing thoughts,
Distractibility, Increased goal-directed activity,
Excessive involvement in activities that have a high
potential for painful consequences)
Bipolar II
Answer: Alternating periods of hypomania and
depression
Juan is an atheist, does what he wants, and is
alienated from others. He feels life isn't worth living
and kills himself. According to Emile Durkheim, he
would be classified as an ______ suicide.
Answer: egoistic
To effectively reduce the chances of relapse of
depressive symptoms, patients should: Answer:
continue to take tricyclics after they are symptoms free.
What are two the key emotions in mood disorders?
Answer: Depression and mania
Depression
Answer: Low, sad state in which life seems dark and
its challenges overwhelming
Mania
Answer: State of breathless euphoria or frenzied
energy
UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION
Answer: Only depression, No history of mania
BIPOLAR DISORDERS
Answer: Periods of mania alternate with periods of
depression
Major Depressive Episode
Answer: 1. For a 2-week period, person displays an
increase in depressed mood for the majority of each
day and/or a decrease in enjoyment or interest
across most activities for the majority of each day.
2. For the same 2 weeks, person also experiences at
least three or four of the following symptoms:
(Considerable weight change or appetite change,
Daily insomnia or hypersomnia, Daily agitation or
decrease in motor activity, Daily fatigue or lethargy,
Daily feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt,
Daily reduction in concentration or decisiveness,
Repeated focus on death or suicide, a suicide plan,
or a suicide attempt) 3. Significant distress or
impairment
Major Depressive Disorder
Answer: Presence of a major depressive episode, No
pattern of mania or hypomania. More common in
lower SES. Mean age of onset is 26 years
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Answer: Person experiences the symptoms of Major
Depressive Disorder for at least 2 years, During the
2-year period, symptoms not absent for more than 2
months at a time, No history of mania or hypomania,
Significant distress or impairment.
Major Depressive Disorder Subtypes
Answer: seasonal, peripartum, premenstrual
dysphoric
Seasonal Depressive Disorder
Answer: Onset and remission of depression occurs
during certain times of the year, Usually begin in
winter and end in spring, Excessive sleep and weight
gain, Treated with light therapy
Peripartum Depressive Disorder
Answer: Symptoms of peripartum depression begin
during pregnancy or up to 4 weeks following
childbirth, Associated with dramatic hormonal
changes, One episode strongly predicts future
episodes with future deliveries
PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER
Answer: Symptoms similar to major depressive
disorder but occur just before and during menses,
Also may experience significant irritability/anger,
anxiety/tension, and mood swings, Highly debated
whether this should be considered a DSM diagnosis
Major Depressive Disorder is the most common
psychiatric disorder worldwide, affecting about 18%
of adults in their lifetime. True/False?
Answer: True
Women are twice as likely to suffer from major
depression than men but there are equal rates
among boys and girls until adolescence. True/false?
Answer: True
Biological Causes of Depression Answer: Twin
studies and family studies support genetic cause,
Dysregulation of serotonin and norepinephrine,
Stress hormones, such as cortisol
Researchers believe that the brain circuit involved in
unipolar depression includes
Answer: Prefrontal cortex, Hippocampus, Amygdala,
Brodmann Area 25
Antidepressant drugs
Answer :MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS (MAOIs),
TRICYCLICS, SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE
INHIBITORS (SSRIs). Take 2-4 weeks to work,
Different side-effect profiles, All are about 65%
effective
Second-generation antidepressants.
Answer: SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE
INHIBITORS (SSRIs) [Show Less]