PSY 3213 Final Exam Review
3 characteristics of scientists Correct Answer: Skeptics, Empiricists, and trained
All scientific questions must be
... [Show More] Correct Answer: answerable
3 characteristics of a good theory are Correct Answer: 1) supported by data
2)falsifiable (predict specific measurement)
3) parsimony (simple)
Research articles format: Correct Answer: 1) Abstract
2) Intro
3) Method
4) Results
5)Discussion
6) Reference
Dependent variable Correct Answer: whats being measured
Independent Variable Correct Answer: Manipulated
operational definition Correct Answer: set of procedures used to measure a variable
frequencey claims Correct Answer: rate of a single variable, NEVER describes a relationship
association claims Correct Answer: 2 variables can be used to predict each other, covary, correlation, related
casual claims Correct Answer: one variable causes change in another
valid, covariance, temporal precedence, alternative explanations
3rd variable probelm Correct Answer: something else has an effect on other 2 variables that have no casual relationship
....Rule out with experimental method
4 types of validity Correct Answer: Construct Validity
Internal Validity
External Validity
Statistical Validity
Construct Validity Correct Answer: Measures what we think were measuring
Internal Validity Correct Answer: No confounding variables
External Validity Correct Answer: findings tell us something about the world beyond the experiment
Statistical Validity Correct Answer: data is analyzed correctly, statistically significant
APA Code of Ethics:
(5 of them) Correct Answer: 1) Beneficence and non-maleficience, minimize harm, max benefits
2)Fidelity and responsibility, testing leadership
3)Integrity: plagiarism
4) Justice- not drawn from vulnerable populations
5) Respect for peoples insight and dignity -informed consent, privacy, respect
Informed Consent Correct Answer: Ok to observe in public places, need to know duration, purpose, procedures, benefits, and contact info.
Needed: educational , questionaires, naturalistic enviornment or job
debriefing Correct Answer: say the steps, then reveal any deception
research fruad Correct Answer: this happens because of personal recognition, funding, "publish or perish"
reliability Correct Answer: measure same thing many times and ge tthe same answer
split half reliability Correct Answer: split 2 groups set average and compare
Test- retest reliability Correct Answer: participants take test 2 times and get similar score
internal consistency reliability Correct Answer: both items measure something and should be answered similarly
force validity Correct Answer: When you force the answers to be valid or correct by changing something being measured
Content Validity Correct Answer: subjective construct contain
Criterion Validity Correct Answer: ability to predict behavior
conversent Validity Correct Answer: measured test already with a new test and has similar results
discriminant validity Correct Answer: should be discriminate from other measures
reactive measures Correct Answer: alters variables, photo flash, knowing someone is the scientist and might act different
inter-rater reliability Correct Answer: decide what your measuring and what the actual outcome is
nominal scale Correct Answer: categorical
ratio Correct Answer: 0 meaningful
interval Correct Answer: meaning anything you want
ordinal Correct Answer: has an order
goal when sampling Correct Answer: generalizing the population so results can be used by everyone
response set Correct Answer: tendency to respond the same way
SRS, random sample selection Correct Answer: random sample from the whole population list
stratified sample Correct Answer: meets % of dempgraphics
random cluster sampling Correct Answer: random sample chunks
multistage sampling Correct Answer: cluster but make more stages of clustering
purposive sampling Correct Answer: non random and you choose people that you want out of a population
quota sampling Correct Answer: non random, sub populations of interset nad you seek people out
connivence sampling Correct Answer: the easiest people near you
significant relationship Correct Answer: p <.05
alpha Correct Answer: .05
3 prereqs for inferring causality Correct Answer: covariance
temporal precedence
internal validity [Show Less]