Which of the following is most effective in helping young children develop phonological awareness?
Singing songs with simple rhymes
Singing the
... [Show More] alphabet song
Using large markers to print letters
Looking for environmental print - Correct Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. Phonemes are the sounds of a language that children must learn in order to speak and later to read. Such sounds are learned by hearing them over and over and repeating them. When children sing songs with simple rhymes, they are making the sounds of the language that a parent or a teacher is encouraging them to reproduce.
A first-grade student, Kyle, has drawn an elaborate picture of a garden in his journal and has written: "I LK RD FLRS." Kyle's sentence suggests that an appropriate next step in his development as a writer would be learning to
print lowercase letters
use medial vowel sounds
blend consonant sounds
recognize common sight words - Correct Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. Kyle's written work indicates that he does not use vowels between consonants. He seems to know the alphabet, and he now needs to include more of the sounds that are actually in the words he writes. He can be taught to do this by saying words slowly or stretching words and hearing the vowels, such as the /i/ in like or the /e/ in red.
Graphic novels are effective for third-grade students because they
provide interesting plots for advanced readers
allow development of visual and verbal literacy
demonstrate the use of similes and metaphors
display charts and graphs in a variety of ways - Correct Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. Graphic novels use visual illustrations to portray a story and require students to use inference skills to understand the meaning of the text. Graphic novels rely on the reader to construct the story by actively integrating visuals presented in the text.
Which of the following best describes a student at the semiphonetic stage of spelling development?
Places vowels in syllables
Imitates writing by copying random strings of letters
Understands word structure
Recognizes that sounds in words are represented by letters - Correct Answer: D
Option (D) is correct. Semiphonetic spellers understand that sounds are represented by letters and often abbreviate spelling using initial and final sounds.
Which of the following best describes a student at the semiphonetic stage of spelling development?
Places vowels in syllables
Imitates writing by copying random strings of letters
Understands word structure
Recognizes that sounds in words are represented by letters - Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. Some of the concepts of print that students must learn are that a book has a front and a back; that people begin reading words printed on the page starting at the front of the book, from the top of the page, and moving from left to right; that when readers come to the end of one line, they go to the beginning of the next line; that a period tells the reader to stop and pause; and that a question mark shows that a question is being asked.
A kindergarten teacher opens a book to the middle of the story and asks a student, "Where on this page should I begin reading?" It is most likely that the teacher is attempting to evaluate the student's
ability to draw inferences from text
phonological knowledge
concepts about print
understanding of syntax - Correct Answer: D
Option (D) is correct. In each of the words given, there is a pair of letters that makes one sound. These pairs are "wh," "th," "sh," and "ch." The letters in the pairs are consonants, and the pair is called a consonant digraph.
A teacher gives each student in a class a list containing the words "whale," "three," "ship," and "chew." Then the teacher says, "Circle the two letters in each word that go together to make the new sounds we have been learning about." The exercise can most appropriately be used to assess the students' ability to recognize which of the following?
Consonant blends
Double vowel sounds
Short vowel sounds
Consonant digraphs - Correct Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. Morphology is the study of morphemes, which are words, word stems, and affixes, basically the units of language one up from phonemes.
Learning to differentiate among words that have common roots by looking at the modifications that result when prefixes or suffixes (such as "pre-," "un-," "dis-," "-tive," "-tion," and "-ment") are added to known roots is accomplished through the use of
morphological analysis
configuration cues
contextual clues
phonemic analysis - Correct Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. Simple sentences are also called independent clauses, and contain a subject and a verb. Both sentences contain a subject and a verb.
Which of the following students composes both sentences as simple sentences?
Mario: At school. Everyone does work.
Jackson: He played at the park. Mom went to the house.
Anna: She's smiling because the dog came back. After he came back, he wanted food.
Jacquelyn: Drive fast! We'll be late if we don't hurry. - Correct Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. As soon as children can hold a crayon or marker, they should be provided with opportunities to make scribbles, marks, letters, and pictures. According to Lev Vygotsky, when children draw and make marks, they are developing an awareness of written language and can then interact with other more competent writers in their environment. When children pretend to write, they are learning to use symbols to communicate their ideas, and this is the essence of being a writer and a reader.
Which of the following is the most appropriate time to encourage young children to start writing?
As soon as they can hold a crayon or marker
When they first recognize the speech-print relationship
After they have learned left-to-right orientation
When they show they can follow instructions
ETS The Praxis Series
Question - Correct Answer: D [Show Less]