Exam 5: Pulmonary
1. Both carbon dioxide and oxygen are able to bind with hemoglobin.
1. True
b. Hypoventilation is associated with decreased PCO2.
1.
... [Show More] False
b. The breathing rate is determined by input from that monitor oxygen, carbon
dioxide, and pH levels in the blood.
1. Chemoreceptors
b. Lung is the term used to describe the ease or difficulty with which the lungs can
be inflated.
1. Compliance
b. During expiration, air moves out of the lungs as the chest muscles relax and the chest
cavity becomes smaller.
1. True
b. Intrapleural pressure is always negative in relation to alveolar pressure in a normal
inflated lung.
1. True
b. Intrathoracic pressure is always greater than intrapleural pressure.
1. False
b. Collagen fibers make lung inflation easier.
1. False
b. Lung volumes can be measured using a .
1. Spirometer
b. is the flow of blood in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries.
1. Perfusion
b. Asthma is characterized by each of the following except:
1. Loss of elastic lung fibers
2. Airway obstruction
3. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
4. Airway inflammation
b. Each of the following are TRUE of emphysema except:
1. Alveoli have decreased elastic recoil
2. Hyperinflation and air trapping3. Airways are hyperreactive
4. Alveolar walls are destroyed
b. People with chronic bronchitis would exhibit each of the following except:
1. Cyanosis
2. Fluid retention
3. Barrel-chest
4. Frequent infections
b. Each of the following are TRUE of ARDS except:
1. Chest x-ray shows a “white-out”
2. Presents with decreased respiratory rate
3. Decreased surfactant function
4. Increased capillary permeability
b. A 10-year-old boy who is having an acute asthma attack is brought to the ER. He is
observed to be sitting up and struggling to breathe. His breathing is accompanied by use
of accessory muscles, a weak cough, and audible wheezing sounds. His pulse is rapid
and weak, and both heart and breath sounds are distant on auscultation. His parentsrelate that his asthma began to worsen after he developed a “cold,” and now he doesn’t
get relief from his albuterol inhaler.
Explain the changes in physiologic function underlying his signs and symptoms.
a. Upon a trigger, the cascade of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and mast cells
cause epithelial injury. This causes airway inflammation, which further increases
hyperresponsiveness and decreased airflow. Mast cells release histamine and
leukotrienes. These cause major bronchoconstriction, inflammation, and mucus
secretion. Mast cells can trigger multiple cytokine release, which causes more airway
inflammation. The contraction of the airways and subsequent swelling leads to further
airway obstruction
16. An 18-year-old woman is admitted to the ER with a suspected drug overdose. Her
respiratory rate is slow (4-6 breaths/minute) and shallow. Arterial blood gases reveal a PCO2 of
80 mm Hg and a PO2 of 60 mm Hg. [Show Less]