PORTAGE LEARNING
NURS 231: Pathophysiology 2022
MODULE 9
Question 1
Multiple Choice
If a patient is taking exogenous forms of corticosteroid
... [Show More] hormones, what would their labs show? You Answered
High levels of ACTH Correct Answer
Low levels of ACTH Hyperkalemia
None of the above Question 2
5 / 5 pts
Multiple Choice:
The following are common signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome EXCEPT: Correct!
Hypoglycemia Mood changes Muscle weakness
Amenorrhea Question 3
5 / 5 pts
Multiple Choice:
Primary adrenocortical deficiency (Addison’s disease) is most frequently caused by: Correct!
Autoimmune mechanisms Infection
Metastatic tumor
Trauma Question 4
0 / 5 pts
Multiple Choice:
Addison’s disease is due to which of the following:
Correct Answer
Adrenal gland dysfunction
Decreased ACTH stimulation from the pituitary Decreased CRH from the hypothalamus
You Answered
All of the above
None of the above Question 5
0 / 2.5 pts
An autocrine action occurs when a hormone exerts an action on the cells that produced it. Correct Answer
True
You Answered
False Question 6
2.5 / 2.5 pts
A paracrine hormone is a hormone that produces a biologic action on the cell that released them.
True Correct!
False Question 7
2.5 / 2.5 pts
Hormones work through receptors, and the speed of this action varies. Correct!
True
False Question 8
2.5 / 2.5 pts
The production and release of hormones by the hypothalamus requires stimulation by the pituitary gland.
True Correct!
False Question 9
5 / 5 pts
What hormone affects nutrient metabolism, regulates blood glucose levels, and has anti-inflammatory actions?
Insulin Correct!
Cortisol Glucagon T3, T4
Question 10
5 / 5 pts
The anterior pituitary releases which of the following hormones? Select all that apply.
Correct!
TSH
Calcitonin Correct!
FSH
Correct!
LH
Somatostatin Question 11
5 / 5 pts
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with each of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
Markedly reduced beta cell mass
Markedly reduced circulating insulin level Correct!
Gradual, subtle onset
Usually normal body weight Question 12
5 / 5 pts
Each of the following are characteristics of diabetes mellitus EXCEPT:
Delayed gastric emptying
Bladder infections Correct!
Myxedema
Glaucoma Question 13
2 / 2 pts
Of all the people with diabetes, approximately 70% have type 2 diabetes.
True Correct!
False
False (90%)
Question 14
2 / 2 pts
Insulin promotes glycogenesis and glycolysis. Correct!
True False
Question 15
2 / 2 pts
Most hormones are controlled through positive feedback.
True Correct!
False Question 16
2 / 2 pts
Type 2 diabetics can improve hyperglycemia with weight loss. Correct!
True False
Question 17
2 / 2 pts
Hemoglobin A1C measures glucose control over the previous 6 months.
True Correct!
False Question 18
Not yet graded / 5 pts
A 45-year-old obese, sedentary male has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. What are 2 strategies to help him normalize his blood sugars? List 2 other macrovascular complications he is at risk for and how you would screen for them?
Your Answer:
Proper heart healthy diet and exercise, which can lead to weight loss can help blood sugars. Certain medications can help as well.
2 macrovascular complications are coronary artery disease and stroke. Risk factors for macrovascular disease is hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. A fasting glucose test and A1C test is used to measure blood glucose and glucose control respectivly.
Answer: (1) Diet, exercise, and weight loss may be all that they need to control blood glucose levels. Even moderate weight loss of 5-10% of total body weight has been shown to improve glucose control. (2) Hypertension and hyperlipidemia – checking blood pressure and screening with a serum lipid panel.
Question 19
Not yet graded / 5 pts
Why are foot ulcers such a big problem with diabetics? Your Answer:
Foot ulcers are common in those with neuropathy. Its a big problem because these infections cannot be undetected due to the loss of sensation and pain.
Answer: Trauma or infection may be present, but undetected due to the loss of sensation and pain. It is worsened by vascular insufficiency and the decreased ability to heal.
Question 20
5 / 5 pts
Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) include each of the following EXCEPT:
Polydipsia Dehydration
Fruity smell on the breath Correct!
Bradycardia Question 21
5 / 5 pts
A 40-year-old woman presents with amenorrhea and weight loss despite increased appetite. The history and physical exam show exophthalmos, tachycardia, and warm, moist skin. Each of the following lab abnormalities are expected EXCEPT:
Increased T4
Increased T3 Correct!
Increased TSH
Increased radioactive iodine uptake Question 22
Not yet graded / 10 pts
People with diabetes should be followed closely by their health care provider to monitor glycemic control and be screened regularly for complications. List 5 ways they should be screened:
Your Answer:
Check weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and A1C, lipid profile, foot exam
Answer: Checking weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C, lipid profile, serum creatinine, microalbumin, foot exam, dilated eye exams, and dental exam.
Question 23
Not yet graded / 2.5 pts
is defined as a blood glucose of <60 mg/dL, with associated cognitive impairment. Your Answer:
hypoglycemia
Answer: Hypoglycemia
Question 24
Not yet graded / 2.5 pts
A test to assess sensation, vascular status, and skin integrity, should be administered annually on all diabetic patients.
Your Answer:
monofilament
Answer: monofilament
Question 25
Not yet graded / 2.5 pts
is diagnosed by hyperglycemia (blood glucose >500 mg/dL), hyperosmolarity, and dehydration, without ketoacidosis.
Your Answer:
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Answer: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
Question 26
Not yet graded / 2.5 pts
is an oral antidiabetic drug that does not cause hypoglycemia and has a side effect of weight loss. Your Answer:
metformin
Answer: Biguanides or metformin [Show Less]