anatomical position
To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward
saggital plane
divides the body into a right and
... [Show More] left side
midsagittal plane
divides the body into equal right and left sides
perisagittal plane
Dividing into unequal left and right planes
frontal plane (coronal plane)
divides body into anterior and posterior sides
transverse plane
horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
Anterior (ventral)
toward the front or towards the belly. Also known as the Ventral position.
Posterior
toward the back also known as dorsal.
Superior
Higher on the body, nearer to the head
Inferior
Lower on the body, towards the feet.
Medial
Toward the midline of the body
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
Distal
further from the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body
superficial
closer to the surface of the body
deep
away from the surface of the body
prone
lying face down on the belly
supine
lying on the back
axial region
includes the head, neck, and trunk
Two regions of the trunk
Thoracic and abdominal
Thoracic
Any region above the diaphragm
Diaphragm
Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing below the ribcage
abdominal region
anything below the diaphragm
appendicular region
upper and lower limbs
Upper limbs include
brachium, antebrachium, carpus, manus,digits
brachium
upper arm (shoulder to elbow)
Antebrachium
lower arm (elbow to wrist)
carpus
wrist
manus
hand
Digits (phalanges)
fingers, toes
lower limbs include
thigh, crus, tarsus, pes, digits
thigh
the part of the leg between the hip and the knee
Crus
lower leg (knee to ankle)
Tarsus
ankle
Pes
Foot
dorsal cavity
includes the cranial and spinal cavities.
Menenges
layers of tissue that help protect delicate structures in dorsal cavity
ventral body cavity
thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
pleural cavity
contains the lungs
pleura
Membrane surrounding the lungs
parietal pleura
Outer layer, lines the thoracic cavity
visceral pleura
the inner layer of pleura that surrounds each lung
pleural fluid
liquid that surrounds the lungs
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
Mediastinum
area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea
pericardial cavity
surrounds the heart
Pericardium
Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.
parietal pericardium
outer layer of the pericardium
visceral pericardium
covers the surface of the heart
pericardial fluid
serous fluid between parietal & visceral pericardium; reduces friction when heart beats
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
Abdominal pelvic cavity
abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
abdominal cavity
Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs
pelvic cavity
contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction
Perotineum
lines the abdominopelvic cavity and its organs(below the diaphragm)
parietal perotineum
lines the abdominopelvic cavity
visceral perotineum
Covers surface of internal organs
perotineal cavity
Space between parietal and visceral peritoneum
Peritenitis
Inflammation in the peritoneum
retroperitoneal
located behind the peritoneum ex. kidney, part of pancreas, some digestive organs and adrenal glands
stage
Supports the slide
mechanical stage controls
knobs used to position the slide on the stage
Nosepiece
Holds the objectives and can be rotated to change the magnification
scanning objective
4x magnification
medium objective
The objective that magnifies by 40X
Maximum magnification of a light microscope
40x
Course objective knob
moves the body tube up and down to allow focusing of the image
fine adjustment knob
Moves the stage slightly to sharpen the image
eye piece (ocular lens)
lens you look through
Squamous
flat cells
cheek cells
squamous cell
Cytoplasm
the portion of the cell outside the nucleus [Show Less]