Political Science Mid-Term Albert Kim GOVT 132 GMU 45 Questions with Verified Answers
Hobbesian - CORRECT ANSWER States are enemies
Realism -
... [Show More] CORRECT ANSWER sovereign states are international actors pursuing their individual interests
Anarchy (survival and security) - CORRECT ANSWER no hierarchy, there is no appeal to higher authority to address grievances, self help environment
Major asset of realism - CORRECT ANSWER power: goal and means to achieve states interests, to protect interests engaged in permanent competition
Example of Realism - CORRECT ANSWER Lord of the Flies: the boys on the island ganged up on each other and acted violently because there was no established authority to prevent that from happening
Lockean - CORRECT ANSWER states are adversaries
International liberalism - CORRECT ANSWER school of thought based on rejection of power politics, the need for cooperation, shared interests and role of non state actors in shaping policies
International liberalism (principles) - CORRECT ANSWER rejection of power politics, emphasis on non state actors (UN) and international organizations (facilitating state disagreements)
Commonality with realism and liberalism - CORRECT ANSWER they both acknowledge that everyone won't get along but their way of dealing with it and going about it are different
Constructavism - CORRECT ANSWER mental constructs formed by social interaction and convention govern thinking; argues subjective understand rather than objective reality is what influences policy, policies are not just for competition but more so for how they see the future
What are the alternative theories? - CORRECT ANSWER Marxism and Feminism
Marxism - CORRECT ANSWER revolutionary form of socialism; believed that they major contradictions were between the two social classes the bourgeoise (the upper class) and the proletariat (working class)
Feminism - CORRECT ANSWER Theory/ political movement based on the view that women are unequal: If women were in power there would be less violence because the basis is that women are less violent
State Actors - CORRECT ANSWER State actors are the countries/ nations (have territory/ sovereignty/ recognized)
Non-State Actors - CORRECT ANSWER organizations, they are not funded by a government, are not affiliated with one state (UN, terrorist group, stateless ethnic group)
Charles Tilly - CORRECT ANSWER "War made the state and the state made war"
Balance of Power - CORRECT ANSWER theory that states form alliances to offset threatening states: during certain periods (19th century exemplified this) states arrange into alliances to arrange this power to balance
Types of power - CORRECT ANSWER multipolar, bipolar (ex: Cold War) unipolar
Treaty of Westphalia (1648) - CORRECT ANSWER Ended the thirty years war, and established the concept of sovereignty, made rules responsible for their states (ex: Afghanistan is to blame for allowing a terrorist group to operate on their soil)
What did the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) mean to realists? - CORRECT ANSWER this means that state are "unitary actors" -- capable of making rational decisions based on preference ranking and value maximization
Interventionism - CORRECT ANSWER U.S. willingness to use military force overseas
Isolationism - CORRECT ANSWER US avoidance of overseas involvement/ intervention
Noninterventionism - CORRECT ANSWER The unwillingness to use military force overseas
The Munich Agreement - CORRECT ANSWER 1938 meeting where Britain and France tried to appease Hitler by giving him a piece of the Czechoslovakia; they expelled Germans out of Eastern European countries (this agreement has been an analogy used in agreements involving communism)
Two Major Coalitions in WWII - CORRECT ANSWER Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) Allied Powers (USA, Britain, France, Soviet Union)
When did the bipolar system of the Cold War begin; end? - CORRECT ANSWER Cold War began after WWII when the Soviet Union intended to turn east Europe into communist satellites; it was a zero-sum game when a player won the other lost no one was benefiting over the other, it ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991
Multi-polarity - CORRECT ANSWER the world divided into multiple world powers; all of the powers would be engaged in economic competition with no one single state over dominating the others
Unipolarity - CORRECT ANSWER the world dominated by one central power, economic and political factors have limited the US's leadership; weird a lot of power does not mean all the states bow down to the US (ex Iran and North Korea)
Nationalism - CORRECT ANSWER dedication to ones' country, sense of superiority over other nations, sense of belonging in a group, all people who live within a country's borders are apart of that nation.
Ethno nationalism - CORRECT ANSWER focuses more on race/ ethnicity/ and religion, (the bad part of nationalism)
Example: India split into 3 nations (partition), Pakistan, India, and west Pakistan
War in former Yugoslavia - CORRECT ANSWER Was a former country, within it there were 6 states and they split up into their own countries because of ethnicity disputes
Pan-nationalist movement(s) - CORRECT ANSWER An attempt to make a nationalist movement go beyond just one country
Examples of Pan-nationalist movement(s) - CORRECT ANSWER -Pan african movement
-Pan slavic movement
Major Characteristics of power - CORRECT ANSWER -strong military
-economic power
-development
-recognition by the world
-hard and soft power (in order to have soft power you need to have a good amount of hard power)
The three elements of the national core - CORRECT ANSWER diplomacy
national security
?
Statecraft - CORRECT ANSWER how countries apply their power in order to achieve foreign goals (foreign policy)
Soft powers evolution - CORRECT ANSWER French Revolution: "life liberty fraternity" -- powerful people to the masses, British saw this and wanted to crush it but not with military / violence (using statecraft that isn't military (culture)
The Israeli Security Force - CORRECT ANSWER tried building a border wall against Palestine, UN came in and said they couldn't, Israel Supreme Court said that UN couldn't come in and that they could build the wall
Territoriality and Jurisdiction - CORRECT ANSWER who has jurisdiction? what can and can't you do and who can tell you?
Why is international law needed? - CORRECT ANSWER regulate relations among each state (mediator), make sure treaties and contracts have legitimacy
Sources of international law - CORRECT ANSWER contracts, treaties, who made this concept up?
Who came up with the concept of international law? - CORRECT ANSWER Jus Gentium
Laws of the sea - CORRECT ANSWER States involved in overseas commerce has to deal with competition, the safety of shipments, and financial disputes (when something like piracy occurs seas states choose whether to get involved or not based on national interest
The second Hague Conference decision - CORRECT ANSWER The meeting of major powers did prefigure later 20th-century attempts at international cooperation.
Democratic peace theory - CORRECT ANSWER Democratic countries are less likely to go to war because they have to consult with the people, along with this are economic interests and those will be affected if that country foes to war--- discourages war [Show Less]