PNB Practical II Exam - Complete Solutions (Answered) The characteristic of Emphysema is: a. increase in number of alveoli b. thickness of alveolar wall
... [Show More] c. dilation of alveoli d. formation of granulomas The lab instructor asks you to "at the end of a quiet inspiration, take in as much additional air as you possibly can". This additional volume you inspire above the tidal volume represents: a. expiratory reserve volume b. inspiratory reserve volume c. inspiratory capacity d. vital capacity e. residual volume In this week's lab, a spirometer is used to measure a. CO2 concentration b. Partial pressure of CO2 c. Diaphragm EMG d. Ribcage movement e. air flow and volume A patient's blood work shows the following arterial blood values: pH 7.57, PaCO2 43, HCO3- 28. Based on these he is most likely suffering from: a. metabolic acidosis b. metabolic alkalosis c. respiratory alkalosis d. respiratory acidosis What is the normal pH range for human blood? a. 7.15 - 7.35 b. 7.20 - 7.30 c. 7.35 - 7.45 d. 7.45 - 7. 55 Which of following could be a reason for a person to have a decreased blood pCO2? a. excess CO2 in inspired air b. hold breath c. acute respiratory alkalosis d. decreased ventilation due to central respiratory depression The primary intestinal movement recorded in Digestive System lab is: a. segmentation b. slow wave potential before reaching the threshold c. peristalsis ACh binds to M2 receptor and activates _______ coupled signaling pathway, causing an ________ of the GI smooth muscle a. Gs; excitation b. Gi; inhibition c. Gs; inhibition d. Gi; excitation Nifedipine is a __________, which will cause a(n)________ in muscle contraction. a. calcium channel blocker; increase b. Myosin Light Chain Kinase inhibitor; decrease c. calcium channel blocker; decrease d. Myosin Light Chain Kinase activator; increase e. Myosin Light Chain Kinase inhibitor; increase Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding the setup of this week's lab (Digestive)? a. The Tyrode's solution does not need to be oxygenated once the intestine is placed inside. b. The segment of rat small intestine must be half-way merged inside the Tyrode's solution. c. During the experiment, the segment of rat small intestine should lie horizontally inside the beaker. d. Force transducer will be used to measure the contractile forces of a segment of rat small intestine. e. Since this prep is in vitro, tissue preparation isolated from the intact organism, you must apply electrical stimulations to elicit contractions. Regarding the aeration of the preparation, which of the following statements are TRUE? (Digestive) a. The Tyrode's solution needs to be well oxygenated at all time. b. The preparation is sensitive to vibrations, therefore, the bubbling rate should be adjusted so it does not contribute to mechanical noises. c. Since it is an in vitro preparation, it is not sensitive to oxygen. d. The water bath should be aerated as well. e. A and B If you notice the temperate is approaching 40 degree celsius, (digestive lab) a. turn OFF the hot plate completely; add ice into the water bath. b. As long as it is not over 40 degree celsius, you donâ t need to do anything. c. turn OFF the hot plate completely; add ice into the Tyrodeâ s solution. d. turn DOWN the hot plate; add ice into the water bath. e. turn DOWN the hot plate; add ice into the Tyrodeâ s solution. The Na+/K+ pump transports ___ Na+ ions out of the cell, ___ K+ ions into the cell and _______ ATP. a. 2, 3, does not require b. 2, 3, requires c. 3, 2, does not require d. 3, 2, requires Which of the following describes the mechanism of the sodium-glucose co-transporter? a. Simple Passive Diffusion b. Facilitated Diffusion c. Primary Active Transport d. Secondary Active Transport The Na+/Glucose cotransporter is located on the _____ surface and the Glucose transporter is located on the ____ surface of the small intestine. a. basal, mucosal b. apical, mucosal c. apical, basal d. basal, apical The experimental condition containing 2,4-Dinitrophenol will result in __________ . a. the glucose concentration inside of the sac increasing to 25mM because there is an increase in ATP production b. the glucose concentration inside of the sac remaining around 15mM because ATP production is inhibited c. the glucose concentration inside of the sac decreasing to 5mM because ATP production is inhibited d. the glucose concentration inside of the sac remaining around 15mM because there is an increase in ATP production What is the orientation of the intestine after sac eversion? a. both the mucosal and serosal sides are now on the inside of the sac b. the mucosal side is now on the outside and the serosal side is now on the inside of the sac c. the serosal side is now on the outside and the mucosal side is now on the inside of the sac d. both the mucosal and serosal sides are now on the outside of the sac During your experiments, the initial concentration of glucose inside the sac is ____ and the initial concentration of glucose outside the sac is ____ . a. 10mM, 15mM b. 15mM, 20mM c. 1.5mM, 1.5mM d. 15mM, 15mM Select the best R2 value. a. 0.9102 b. 0.9644 c. 0.5699 d. 0.9911 Upon completion of the glucose standard curve the following equation was obtained; y=0.0099x + 0.0144. Using this equation, what is the concentration of glucose in a tube that has an absorbance of 0.3114? a. 30mM b. 0.017mM c. 0.3114mM d. 25mM What tube is used as a blank when determining the amount of glucose in the sacs? a. a tube that contains only water because it is clear b. blanking is not needed because the spectrophotometer does this automatically c. the 15mM glucose tube because that was the initial glucose concentration d. the same 0mM glucose tube used during the preparation of the glucose standard curve True or False: Urine is propelled along the ureters by peristaltic waves of muscular contractions? True Which of the following is NOT one of the processes in urine formation a. Glomerular filtration b. Tubular secretion c. Urine synthesis d. Glomerular reabsorption e. Both C and D What percentage of glomerular filtrate becomes urine? a. 1% b. 10% c. 40% d. 99% Filtration occurs in the a. renal corpuscle b. loop of Henle c. collecting duct d. distal convoluted tubule e. proximal convoluted tubule Which of the following levels are likely elevated in severe type 1 diabetic patients but not in patients with nephritis? a. Glucose b. Ketones c. Protein d. pH e. Specific Gravity Meiosis-II is completed to form a haploid ovum in which of the following ovarian follicles? a. Graafian, mature follicle b. Primordial follicle c. Secondary follicle d. Corpus Luteum e. Primary Follicle f. None of the Above [Show Less]