PMHN Exam 1|92 Questions with Verified Answers
what is the foundation of the standards of practice for psychiatric mental health nursing? - CORRECT
... [Show More] ANSWER nursing process
what are the 6 QSEN competencies? - CORRECT ANSWER patient centered care
quality improvement
safety
informatics
teamwork and collaboration
evidence based practice
what is the purpose of the mental status exam - CORRECT ANSWER to evaluate an individual's current cognitive processes
what are the 4 aspects or considerations that every nurse needs to know when administering psychotropic medications? - CORRECT ANSWER intended action, therapeutic dosage, adverse reactions, and safe blood levels
what are the 4 basic principles in planning nursing interventions - CORRECT ANSWER safe, appropriate, individualized, evidenced based
describe what the new technology "telehealth" refers to: - CORRECT ANSWER the use of electronic information and telecommunication technologies to support long-distance clinical healthcare, patient and professional health-related education, public health and health administration
define therapeutic communication - CORRECT ANSWER professional, goal-directed, and scientifically based communication
give 9 common "cues" or examples of nonverbal communication: - CORRECT ANSWER Physical appearance, facial expressions, body posture, amount of eye contact, eye cast, hand gestures, sighs, fidgeting, and yawning.
When communicating with a patient in a mental health setting what are the 4 goals to help the patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Feel understood and comfortable, identify and explore problems relating to others, discover healthy ways of meeting emotional needs, and experience satisfying interpersonal relationships.
There are many communication techniques that nurses can use to enhance their nursing practice - CORRECT ANSWER using silence, offering self, giving board openings, restating, reflecting, focusing, exploring, making observations, seeking clarification, voicing doubt, summarizing.
define countertransference - CORRECT ANSWER the nurse unconsciously transfers feelings onto the patient that are related to people in their past
define transference - CORRECT ANSWER a patient unconsciously transfers feelings onto the nurse that are related to someone from their childhood/past
describe the phases of the nurse-patient relationship - CORRECT ANSWER pre-orientation, orientation, working, termination
define empathy and sympathy - CORRECT ANSWER empathy understands the feelings of others and sympathy is feeling the feelings of others
there are many tactics to avoid when interviewing a patient - CORRECT ANSWER not argue with, minimize or challenge the patient. Do not give false reassurance. Do not question or probe.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act/HIPAA - CORRECT ANSWER The psychiatric client's right to receive treatment and to have confidential medical records is legally protected through this law. The law passed in 1996 and established national standards for the protection of electronic medical records. Privacy breaches could lead to harm to the nurse-patient relationship; harm to the client's well-being; grounds for corrective action; and liabilities for the hospital and health care workers.
Informed Consent - CORRECT ANSWER This legal term is based on the client's right to self-determination. Each adult of sound mind has the right to determine what shall be done with his or her own body when a basic understanding of risks, benefits, and options has been achieved
Tort - CORRECT ANSWER A category of civil law that commonly applies to health care practice. It is a civil wrong for which monetary compensation may be collected by the injured party (the plaintiff) from the wrongdoer (the defendant)
Negligence - CORRECT ANSWER An act, or failure to act, that breaches the duty of due care, and results in or is responsible for another person's injuries
Duty to Warn - CORRECT ANSWER An obligation that may result in a breach of confidentiality on the part of the health care worker to warn third parties when they may be in danger from a client
Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER Respecting the rights of other to make their own decisions (e.g. the right to refuse a specific medication or treatment)
Involuntary Commitment - CORRECT ANSWER Admission to a psychiatric facility without the client's consent
Civil Rights - CORRECT ANSWER The rights of personal liberty guaranteed under two U.S. constitutional amendments (e.g. the right to vote, the right to religious freedom and practice, the right to humane care and treatment, the right to exercise, the right to press charges against another person)
Voluntary Commitment - CORRECT ANSWER The client or guardian seeks psychiatric inpatient care and treatment through written application to the facility. The client also has the right to a written application to demand and obtain release from the hospital whereby the facility staff reevaluate the client's condition for possible conversion to involuntary status if needed according to criteria established by state law.
Bioethics - CORRECT ANSWER A specific term that refers to the ethical questions that arise in healthcare
Beneficence - CORRECT ANSWER the duty to act so as to benefit or promote the good of others
Assault - CORRECT ANSWER An intentional threat designed to make the victim fearful. It produces reasonable apprehension of harm
Least Restrictive Doctrine/least restrictive environment - CORRECT ANSWER The least drastic means be taken to achieve a specific purpose. For example, if someone can safely be treated for depression in an outpatient setting, acute care inpatient hospitalization would be too restrictive and unnecessarily disruptive to the individual. Another example is restraints - time-out and seclusion must be attempted and failed before violent behavior restraints can be implemented, which is the most restrictive environment for clients.
Justice/Distributive Justice - CORRECT ANSWER The duty to distribute resources or care equally, regardless of personal attributes such as socioeconomic class, race, sexual orientation, etc
Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California - CORRECT ANSWER The landmark 1970s case against University of California that viewed public safety to be more important than privacy in narrowly defined circumstances.
Child abuse reporting statutes - CORRECT ANSWER include child abuse, and who receives report.
Ethical Dilemma - CORRECT ANSWER Results when there is a conflict between two or more courses of action, each carrying with them favorable or unfavorable consequences. Health care workers respond based on their morals, beliefs, and values
Fidelity - CORRECT ANSWER Maintaining loyalty and commitment to the client and doing no wrong for the client. For example, maintaining expertise in nursing skill through certification demonstrates fidelity to client care
Veracity - CORRECT ANSWER One's duty to communicate truthfully. For example describing the side effects of antipsychotic medication in a truthful and non-misleading way
Battery - CORRECT ANSWER The harmful or offensive touching of another person
Right to Refuse Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER The right to reject forced treatment or withhold consent at any time. This right takes into consideration the client's right for choice or autonomy, and beneficence, actions which benefit others. Retraction of consent previously given must be honored, whether it is verbal or written
Emergency Involuntary Hospitalization - CORRECT ANSWER Most states provide civil commitment for a specified limited period of time to prevent dangerous behavior that is likely to cause harm to self or others when a client is in need of emergency psychiatric treatment or when the client is unable to meet his or her own basic needs
False Imprisonment - CORRECT ANSWER Intent to confine to a specific area. For example, unwarranted or indefensible use of seclusion and restraints
Breach of Duty - CORRECT ANSWER Conduct that exposes a client to an unreasonable risk of harm
Forensic Nurse Examiner/Forensic Nurse - CORRECT ANSWER One of the main functions of this type of nursing expert is to establish competency and fitness of a psychiatric patient to stand trial in a court of law
Euthymia - CORRECT ANSWER a normal mood state
Looseness of Association - CORRECT ANSWER A pattern of thinking that is hazardous, illogical, and confused, and in which connections in thought are interrupted; it is seen primarily in schizophrenic disorders
Anorexia - CORRECT ANSWER A medical term that signifies a loss of appetite
Pressure of Speech - CORRECT ANSWER A speech pattern characterized by forceful energy manifested in frantic, jumbled speech as when a manic individual struggles to keep pace with racing thoughts
Echolalia - CORRECT ANSWER Mimicry or imitation of the speech of another person
Insight - CORRECT ANSWER Understanding and awareness of the reasons for and meaning behind one's motives and behavior
Perseveration - CORRECT ANSWER The involuntary repetition of the same thought, phrase, or motor response (e.g. brushing teeth, walking); it is associated with brain damage
Delusion - CORRECT ANSWER A false belief held to be true even with evidence to the contrary (e.g. the false belief that one is being singled out for harm by others)
Apathy - CORRECT ANSWER a state of indifference
Circumstantial speech - CORRECT ANSWER A pattern of speech characterized by indirectness and delay before the person gets to the point or answers a question; the person gets caught up in countless details and explanations
Grandiosity - CORRECT ANSWER Exaggerated belief in or claims about one's importance or identity
Anxiety - CORRECT ANSWER A state of feeling apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or dread resulting from a real or perceived threat whose actual source is unknown or unrecognized
Hallucinations - CORRECT ANSWER A sensory perception (seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, or touching) for which no external stimulus exists
Clang association - CORRECT ANSWER The meaningless rhyming of words, often in a forceful manner
Compulsion - CORRECT ANSWER Repetitive, seemingly purposeless behaviors performed according to certain rules known to the client to temporarily reduce escalating anxiety
Affect - CORRECT ANSWER The external manifestation of feelings or emotion, which can be assessed by observing facial expression, tone of voice, and body language
Flight of Ideas - CORRECT ANSWER A continue flow of speech in which the person jumps rapidly from one topic to another
Labile - CORRECT ANSWER characterized by rapid shifts; unstable
Obsession - CORRECT ANSWER An idea, impulse, or emotion that a person cannot put out of his or her consciousness; the condition can be mild or severe
Blocking - CORRECT ANSWER A sudden obstruction or interruption in the spontaneous flow of thinking or speaking that is perceived as an absence or deprivation of thought
Mood - CORRECT ANSWER Defined by the American Psychiatric Association as a pervasive and sustained emotion that, when extreme, can markedly color the way the individual perceives the world
Flat - CORRECT ANSWER Absence or near absence of any signs of affective expression
Tangentiality - CORRECT ANSWER A disturbance in associative thinking in which the individual goes off the topic. When it happens frequently and the individual does not return to the topic, interpersonal communication shuts down
Catatonia - CORRECT ANSWER A state of psychologically induced immobilization at times interrupted by episodes of extreme agitation
Incongruent - CORRECT ANSWER The client's affect does not correspond to the content of his/her speech
Idea of Reference - CORRECT ANSWER The false impression that outside events have special meaning for oneself
Judgment - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to make logical, rational decisions
Mania - CORRECT ANSWER an unstable elevated mood in which delusions, poor judgement, and other signs of impaired reality resting are evident
Congruent - CORRECT ANSWER the client's affect "matches" the content of his/her/speech
blunted - CORRECT ANSWER mild restriction in the range and intensity of emotional expression
intellectualization - CORRECT ANSWER the use of thinking and talking to avoid emotions and closeness
What is psychiatric mental health nursing and its main focus - CORRECT ANSWER A core mental health profession that employs a purposeful use of self as its art and a wide range of nursing, psychosocial, and neurobiological theories and research evidence as its science. (ANA, 2007, p.1). Its focus is the treatment of human responses to mental health problems and psychiatric disorders
Recovering from a mental illness is viewed as a personal journey of healing. What is the goal of recovery? - CORRECT ANSWER Is to empower those with mental illness to find meaning and satisfaction in their lives, realize personal potential, and function at their optimal level of independence
Describe the difference between the nurse-patient relationship and the nurse-patient partnership - CORRECT ANSWER nurse-patient relationship suggests an unequal status with the nurse/health care worker as the person in authority. The nurse-patient partnership is more in line with the emphasis on "relationships" in the recovery model.
In a survey on caring in 1998, emerged 3 themes. Explain all 3 - CORRECT ANSWER Caring is evidenced by empathic understanding, actions, and patience on another's behalf. Caring for one another by actions, words, and being there leads to happiness and touches the heart. Caring is giving of self while preserving the importance of self.
What is a patient advocate? And what is not? - CORRECT ANSWER Someone who speaks up for another's cause, who helps others by defending and comforting them, especially when the other person lacks knowledge, skills, ability, or status to speak for himself/herself. It is NOT a legal role but rather an ethical one
What is the DSM-5? - CORRECT ANSWER Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th addition was released in May 2013.
What is mental illness? - CORRECT ANSWER It is medical conditions that affect a person's thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others, and daily functioning. It includes flawed biological, psychological, social, and cultural processes.
Describe 1 myth and 1 misconception that plague mental illness: - CORRECT ANSWER one myth is that to be mentally ill is to be different and odd. A misconception about mental illness is that to be mentally health, a person must be logical and rational.
Describe the outdated concept for the term mental disorder: - CORRECT ANSWER a mental disorder implies a distinction between "mental" disorder and "physical" disorder, and stresses mind-body dualism. There is just as much physical in mental disorders and etc.
Define stigma: - CORRECT ANSWER an attribute that is deeply discrediting where a person is reduced from a whole unusual person to a tainted, discounted one.
What does elopement mean - CORRECT ANSWER leaving before being discharged
AWOL? - CORRECT ANSWER "away without leave"
What does a therapeutic milieu refer too? - CORRECT ANSWER Milieu refers to the environment in which holistic (positive support) treatment occurs and includes all members of the treatment team, a positive physical setting, interactions between those who are hospitalized, and activities that promote recovery.
Define the term bullying and lateral bullying - CORRECT ANSWER bullying is an offensive, intimidating, malicious, condescending behavior designed to humiliate. Bullying is usually persistent, systemic, and ongoing and is an intentional display and use of violence, as subtle as it might appear in some instances. Lateral bullying refers to bullying by a person of equal status.
Define anger? - CORRECT ANSWER An emotional state that may range in intensity from mild irritation to intense fury and rage.
Define aggression? - CORRECT ANSWER "The act of initiating hostilities, a feeling of hostility that arouses thoughts of attack, and/or a disposition to behave aggressively". It may be appropriate or self-protective - as in protecting oneself, one's family, or a person being bullied - or aggression can be destructive.
Define violence? - CORRECT ANSWER An unjust, unwarranted, or unlawful display of force to inflict harm upon, damage, or violate. Does not always have anger as its origin, but it does have the discrete intention of doing harm to a specific person or group and connotes extreme, unjustifiable aggression violating social sanctions and causing destruction to another as is its planned result
Working with a violent population promoting _____ is always the first consideration - CORRECT ANSWER safety
Describe the difference between seclusion and restraints? - CORRECT ANSWER Seclusion is the involuntary confinement of a person alone in a room or an area where the person is physically prevented from leaving. It may only be used for the management of violent or self-destructive behavior.
A chemical restraint is medications used to control an aggressive, violent patient. Name 2 medications most commonly used: - CORRECT ANSWER Haldol - typical neuroleptic, Ativan - benzodiazepine. Atypical antipsychotics such as Zyprexa or Risperidal.
True or False: males are more violent then females - CORRECT ANSWER true [Show Less]