PHR / SPHR Employee & Labor Relations
Exam 2023
Absentee Policy - ANS-sick time allowed, using sick time, inappropriate sick leave,
disciplinary
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Ad hoc arbitrator - ANS-A person selected to hear a single case between two parties in
conflict.
Advancement Barriers - ANS-EEO regulations not enforced, practices that hinder
advancement, lack of education
Agency Shop - ANS-Clause that states that even if workers do not join the union, they
must still pay the equivalent of dues to the union.
Agent-principal relationship - ANS-Principle under which regulations on unfair labor
practices that apply to employers and unions also apply to acts of their agents.
Ally Doctrine - ANS-States that when a struck employer effectively uses the employees
of an ally as strike breakers and when a union extends its primary picketing to this
employer, no violation of the LMRA's secondary boycott prohibitions exists.
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) - ANS-Umbrella term used to describe a number
of problem-solving and grievance resolution approaches.
Arbitration - ANS-Procedure in which disputes are submitted to one or more impartial
persons for final determination.
Arbitrator panel - ANS-three arbitrators chose to handle a specific dispute
Attorney Work Product - ANS-Materials used in preparing a legal case (e.g., written
reports, notes, data); usually excluded from discovery phase.
Authorization cards - ANS-Cards signed by employees to indicate that they want union
representation.
Bannering - ANS-Union practice of displaying a banner outside the property of an
employer to advertise union's message.
Bargaining Unit - ANS-Group of employees a union wants to represent.
Behavioral Issues - ANS-absenteeism leads to incomplete work, insubordination is an
inability to follow instructions
Binding Arbitration Decision - ANS-parties in a dispute must accept the arbitration
decision, decision is final
Bumping - ANS-Giving more-senior workers whose jobs have been eliminated the right
to transfer into jobs of less-senior workers.
Cat's Paw Principle - ANS-Legal principle in which, for example, an HR department is
culpable for discrimination even though HR had no desire to discriminate, such as when
HR is persuaded to take an adverse action against an employee with protected status
by other biased employees who wish to discriminate against the individual.
Certification of representative -
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