PHIL 347N Week 3 Discussions
PHIL347N Week 3 Discussions
Week 3: Inductive or Deductive
Using the text, briefly describe the two types of
... [Show More] deductive and three types of inductive arguments, and see if you can offer a short test for any argument to determine which designation can be applied to the argument to be analyzed.
Hello Class
A deductive argument is one in which the arguer attempts to demonstrate that the truth of the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises. An inductive argument is one in which the arguer attempts to demonstrate that the truth of the
conclusion probably follows from the premises. Two types of deductive arguments are categorical and truth-functional arguments. A categorical argument is a deductive argument that has categorical claims. Categorical claims are claims that relate two categories of things. A truth-functional argument is a deductive argument that contains truth-functional claims. Truth-functional claims are claims that are composed of simple claims and logical operators. An example of a deductive argument is
Premise 1: Socrates was a man Premise 2: All men are mortal Conclusion: Socrates was mortal
Three types of inductive arguments are analogical arguments, inductive generalizations, and causal arguments. An analogical argument is an inductive argument that uses an analogy to conclude that one case has some feature. An analogy is a claim that compares two or more things or subjects. The next inductive argument is an inductive generalization. An inductive generalization concludes that some, most, or all of a particular group have some feature based on evidence that a portion of that specific group has the feature. The final inductive argument is a casual argument. A casual argument is an inductive argument that provides evidence to conclude that some causal
claim is true. An example of an inductive argument is Premise 1: Socrates was Greek
Premise 2: Most Greeks eat fish Conclusion: Socrates ate fish References
Cline, A. (2018, January 9). The Difference Between Deductive and Inductive Reasoning in Arguments. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/deductive-and-inductive-
arguments-249754Links to an external site.
Jackson, D. & Newberry, P. (2016). Critical thinking: A user's manual (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth: Cengage Learning
Week 3: Standard Form?
Jackson and Newberry (2016) spend much time detailing how to put categorical arguments into the standard form. Considering what you can glean from Chapter 6, discuss why you feel being able to do such translations is so important. Try to incorporate at least one option from Exercise
6.7 or 6.8 in your answer.
Hello Everyone
I feel that it is important to translate the categorical arguments into standard form because it gives the reader a better understanding of the organization and clarity of the logical structure of the sentence. The argument can be transformed by identifying the quantity, quality, and noun/ noun phrase of the sentence. The standard form of categorical claims include:
1. All S are P.
All cats are mammals.
2. No S are P.
No turnips are apples.
3. Some S are P.
Some violins are musical instruments.
4. Some S are not P. Some dogs are not furry.
Here are some options from Exercise 6.7 and 6.8
Exercise 6.7
8. My biology professor is my cousin
Standard form- All people identical to my biology professor are cousins of mine. Exercise 6.8
15. Duct tape is the only universal tool.
Standard form- All universal tools are duct tapes. REFERENCE:
Jackson, D. & Newberry, P. (2016). Critical thinking: A user's manual (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth: Cengage Learning. [Show Less]