1. Calcium supplement for osteoporosis--why would they have flank pain
2. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has
... [Show More] cirrhosis. The
client states, "I don't need this medication. I am not constipated." The nurse should
explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to decrease levels of which of
the following components in the bloodstream?
a. Glucose
b. Ammonia
i. Rationale: Lactulose, a disaccharide, is a sugar that works as an osmotic
diuretic. It prevents absorption of ammonia in the colon. Accumulation of
ammonia in the bloodstream, which occurs in pathologic conditions of the
liver, such as cirrhosis, may affect the central nervous system, causing
hepatic encephalopathy or coma.
c. Potassium
d. Bicarbonate
3. A nurse on a medical unit is planning care for an older adult client who takes several
medications. Which of the following prescribed medications places the client at risk for
orthostatic hypotension? (Select all that apply.)
a. Furosemide
b. Telmisartan
c. Duloxetine
d. Clopidogrel
e. Atorvastatin
4. Someone has a-fib on coumadin, know what normal PT is
5. Someone is on atorvastatin (statin) what kind of labs do we look at
a. Liver function
6. CKD nephrotoxicity
a. Antibiotic
7. Heart failure and on Lasix, what are adverse effects of Lasix and what would happen if
hypokalemic
8. Celecoxib for osteoarthritis (adverse effects??)
a. Not stroke
9. A nurse is caring for a client who has difficulty swallowing medications and is prescribed
enteric-coated aspirin PO once daily. The client asks if the medication can be crushed to
make it easier to swallow. Which of the following responses should the nurse provide?
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Pharmacology Final Review
a. "Crushing the medication might cause you to have a stomachache or indigestion.
i. Rationale: The pill is enteric-coated to prevent breakdown in the stomach
and decrease the possibility of GI distress. Crushing destroys protection.
b. "Crushing the medication is a good idea, and I can mix it in some ice cream for
you.”
c. "Crushing the medication would release all the medication at once, rather than
over time."
d. "Crushing is unsafe, as it destroys the ingredients in the medication."
10. A nurse is providing teaching for a client who is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
mellitus and has a prescription for glipizide. Which of the following statements by the
nurse best describes the action of glipizide?
a. "Glipizide absorbs the excess carbohydrates in your system."
b. "Glipizide stimulates your pancreas to release insulin."
i. Rationale: Glipizide is an oral antidiabetic medication in the
pharmacological classification of sulfonylurea agents. These medications
help to lower blood glucose levels in clients who have type 2 diabetes
mellitus using several methods, including reducing glucose output by the
liver, increasing peripheral sensitivity to insulin, and stimulating the
release of insulin from the functioning beta cells of the pancreas.
c. "Glipizide replaces insulin that is not being produced by your pancreas."
d. "Glipizide prevents your liver from destroying your insulin."
11. Having transdermal analgesic-- look up emla cream
12. SAA--how to use cream with child ^^^
a. Use visual pain rating scale
13. A nurse is caring for a client who has active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and is to be
started on intravenous rifampin therapy. The nurse should instruct the client that this
medication can cause which of the following adverse effects?
a. Constipation
b. Black colored stools
c. Staining of teeth
d. Body secretions turning a red-orange color
i. Rationale: Rifampin is used in combination with other medicines to treat
TB. Rifampin will cause the urine, stool, saliva
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Pharmacology Final Review
14. A nurse is caring for a client who has congestive heart failure and is taking digoxin daily.
The client refused breakfast and is complaining of nausea and weakness. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take first?
a. A. Check the client's vital signs.
i. Rationale: It is possible that the client's nausea is secondary to digoxin
toxicity. Assess for bradycardia, a symptom of digoxin toxicity. The nurse
should withhold the medication and call the provider if the client's heart
rate is less than 60 bpm.
b. Request a dietitian consult.
c. Suggest that the client rests before eating the meal.
d. Request an order for an antiemetic.
15. A nurse is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder and has been taking lithium for 1
year. Before administering the medication, the nurse should check to see that which of the
following tests have been completed?
a. Thyroid hormone assay
i. Rationale: Thyroid testing is important because long-term use of lithium
may lead to thyroid dysfunction.
b. Liver function tests:
i. Rationale: LFTs must be monitored before and during valproic acid
therapy
c. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
i. Rationale: This is not a necessary test related to lithium therapy.
d. Brain natriuretic peptide
16. A nurse is caring for a client who has thrombophlebitis and is receiving heparin by
continuous IV infusion. The client asks the nurse how long it will take for the heparin to
dissolve the clot. Which of the following responses should the nurse give?
a. "It usually takes heparin at least 2 to 3 days to reach a therapeutic blood level."
b. "A pharmacist is the person to answer that question."
c. "Heparin does not dissolve clots. It stops new clots from forming."
i. Rationale: This statement accurately answers the client's question.
d. "The oral medication you will take after this IV will dissolve the clot.
17. Suspension --vigorously shake for 5 minutes , room temp
18. A nurse caring for a client who has hypertension and asks the nurse about a prescription
for propranolol. The nurse should inform the client that this medication is contraindicated
in clients who have a history of which of the following conditions?
a) Asthma
1. Rationale: Propranolol, a beta-blocker, is contraindicated in clients who
have asthma because it can cause bronchospasms. Propranolol blocks the
sympathetic stimulation, which prevents smooth muscle relaxation.
b) Glaucoma
c) Depression
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Pharmacology Final Review
d) Migraines
19. A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for colchicine to treat gout. Which
of the following instructions should the nurse include?
a. "Take this medication with food if nausea develops."
b. B. "Monitor for muscle pain."
i. Rationale: This medication can cause rhabdomyolysis. The client should
monitor and report muscle pain.
c. "Expect to have increased bruising."
d. "Increase your intake of grapefruit juice”
20. A nurse is teaching a client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI) and is taking
ciprofloxacin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the client?
a. "If the medicine causes an upset stomach, take an antacid at the same time."
b. "Limit your daily fluid intake while taking this medication."
c. "This medication can cause photophobia, so be sure to wear sunglasses outdoors."
d. "You should report any tendon discomfort you experience while taking this
medication."
i. Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to report any tendon
discomfort as well as swelling or inflammation of the tendons due to the
risk of tendon rupture.
21. A nurse is teaching a client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI) and is taking
ciprofloxacin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the client?
a. "If the medicine causes an upset stomach, take an antacid at the same time."
b. "Limit your daily fluid intake while taking this medication."
c. "This medication can cause photophobia, so be sure to wear sunglasses outdoors."
d. "You should report any tendon discomfort you experience while taking this
medication."
i. Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to report any tendon
discomfort as well as swelling or inflammation of the tendons due to the
risk of tendon rupture.
22. 17. A nurse is caring for a client who has cancer and a new prescription for ondansetron
to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea. For which of the following adverse effects should
the nurse monitor?
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Pharmacology Final Review
a. Headache
Rationale: Headache is a common adverse effect of ondansetron. Analgesic relief
is often required.
b. Dependent edema
c. Polyuria.
d. Photosensitivity
23. A nurse is preparing to administer verapamil by IV bolus to a client who is having cardiac
dysrhythmias. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor when
giving this medication?
a. Hyperthermia
b. Hypotension
i. Rationale: Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, can be used to control
supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. It also decreases blood pressure and
acts as a coronary vasodilator and antianginal agent. A major adverse
effect of verapamil is hypotension; therefore, blood pressure and pulse
must be monitored before and during parenteral administration.
c. Ototoxicity
d. Muscle pain
24. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has renal failure and an elevated
phosphorous level. The provider instructed the client to take aluminum hydroxide 300 mg
PO three times daily. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse inform
the client?
a. Constipation
i. Rationale: Constipation is a common side effect of aluminum-based
antacids. The nurse should instruct the client to increase fiber intake and
that stool softeners or laxatives may be needed
b. B. Metallic taste
c. Headache
d. Muscle spasms
25. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has been on levothyroxine for
several months. Which of the following findings indicates a therapeutic response to the
medication?
a. Decrease in level of thyroxine (T4)
b. Increase in weight
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Pharmacology Final Review
c. Increase in hr of sleep per night
d. Decrease in level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
i. Levothyroxine OD = insomnia
26. A nurse is teaching a client who has been taking prednisone to treat asthma and has a new
prescription to discontinue the medication. The nurse should explain to the client to
reduce the dose gradually to prevent which of the following adverse effects?
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Adrenocortical insufficiency
Rationale: Prednisone, a corticosteroid, is similar to cortisol, the glucocorticoid
hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It relieves inflammation and is used to
treat certain forms of arthritis, severe allergies, autoimmune disorders, and
asthma. Administration of glucocorticoids can suppress production of
glucocorticoids, and an abrupt withdrawal of the drug can lead to a syndrome of
adrenal insufficiency.
c. Severe dehydration
d. Rebound pulmonary congestion
27. A nurse is teaching a client who has been taking prednisone to treat asthma and has a new
prescription to discontinue the medication. The nurse should explain to the client to
reduce the dose gradually to prevent which of the following adverse effects?
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Adrenocortical insufficiency
Rationale: Prednisone, a corticosteroid, is similar to cortisol, the glucocorticoid
hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It relieves inflammation and is used to
treat certain forms of arthritis, severe allergies, autoimmune disorders, and
asthma. Administration of glucocorticoids can suppress production of
glucocorticoids, and an abrupt withdrawal of the drug can lead to a syndrome of
adrenal insufficiency.
c. Severe dehydration
d. Rebound pulmonary congestion
28. A nurse is preparing a client for surgery. Prior to administering the prescribed
hydroxyzine, the nurse should explain to the client that the medication is for which of the
following indications? (Select all that apply.)
a. Controlling emesis
b. Diminishing anxiety
c. Reducing the amount of narcotics needed for pain relief
d. Preventing thrombus formation
e. Drying secretions
29. A nurse is caring for a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and
requires mechanical ventilation. The client receives a prescription for pancuronium. The
nurse recognizes that this medication is for which of the following purposes?
a. Decrease chest wall compliance
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Pharmacology Final Review
b. Suppress respiratory effort
i. Rationale: Neuromuscular blocking agents, such as pancuronium, induce
paralysis and suppress the client's respiratory efforts to the point of apnea,
allowing the mechanical ventilator to take over the work of breathing for
the client. This therapy is especially helpful for a client who has ARDS
and poor lung compliance.
c. Induce sedation
d. Decrease respiratory secretions
30. Lisinopril (ace inhibitor) side effect
31. Poison ivy and give benadryl (side effects of ben) dry mouth?
32. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has been on levothyroxine for
several months. Which of the following findings indicates a therapeutic response to the
medication?
a. Decrease in level of thyroxine (T4)
b. Increase in weight
c. Increase in hour of sleep per night
d. Decrease in level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
33. A nurse on an oncology unit is preparing to administer doxorubicin to a client who has
breast cancer. Prior to beginning the infusion, the nurse verifies the client's current
cumulative lifetime dose of the medication. For which of the following reasons is this
verification necessary?
a. An excess amount of doxorubicin can lead to myelosuppression.
b. Exceeding the lifetime cumulative dose limit of doxorubicin might cause
extravasation.
c. An excess amount of doxorubicin can lead to cardiomyopathy.
i. Rationale: Doxorubicin is an antineoplastic antibiotic used in the
treatment of various cancers. Irreversible cardiomyopathy with congestive
heart failure can result from repeated doses of doxorubicin, and prolonged
use can also cause severe heart damage, even years after the client has
stopped taking it. The maximum cumulative dose a client should receive is
550 mg/m or 450
mg/m with a history of radiation to the mediastinum. [Show Less]