Receptors - ANS-Norepinephrine-Adrenergic (adrenergic comes from the word adrenalin)
Alpha 1-all sympathetic target organs except the heart-constrict the
... [Show More] blood vessels and dilation of pupils
Alpha 2-Presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminal-inhibits the release of norepinephrine
Beta 1-Heart and Kidneys (BETA 1-ONE HEART)-increased heart rate and force of contraction, release of
renin
Beta 2-All sympathetic target organs-inhibits smooth muscle (BETA 2-TWO LUNGS)
Beta blockers/olol's - ANS-Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
Metoprolol/Lopressor ENDING OLOL
Beta Blockers are use with heart failure, hypertension, angina and with myocardial infarctions.
Action = Blocks Beta-Receptors in the heart causing...
Decreases = HR, force of contraction, Rate of atrioventricular (AV) conduction
SE = Bradycardia, lethargy, GI disturbance, congestive heart failure, decrease BP, depression
The beta blockers stop sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the heart. Does not allow the heart rate
and blood pressure to rise with stress thus lowering the oxygen demand of the heart. It is very heart
protective!
Will slow the heart rate and lower the blood pressure
Can have beta 2 blockage with larger doses-will constrict the bronchioles-watch for clients with known
COPD, Asthma
Nursing Interventions
Check pulse-needs to be 60 or above
Check blood pressure-if hypotensive do not give (Systolic below 100 is a good rule of thumb I go by)
Monitor for sexual dysfunction-impotence for men-a good reason for non-compliance
Drowsiness/Fatigue-operating heavy machinery, driving could put client at risk
InsomniaContraindicated with Heart Blocks, Bradycardia, Worsening Heart Failure
Increases Hypoglycemic effect of Insulin-monitor blood sugars and for hypoglycemia, may need to lower
insulin dosage
Beta Blockers have to be weaned slowly to prevent rebound hypertension and tachycardia-if a client wants
to stop his beta-blocker they need to contract their physician
CCB,/calcium channel blockers - ANS-Nifedipine/Adalat/Procardia/Norvasc-controls blood vessels
Diltiazem/Cardizem
Verapamil/Calan/Isoptin/Verelan-controls heart rate and blood vessels
Angina/Raynaud's/Vasospastic Angina/Atrial Arrhythmia's
continues... [Show Less]