Pharm Exam 2 questions and answers | A RATED| LATEST
A patient receives morphine and shows signs of toxicity. The prescriber orders naloxone [Narcan] to
... [Show More] reverse the effects of the morphine. The nurse understands that the naloxone reverses morphine toxicity by which action on morphine receptor sites?
a.
Blocking transmitter reuptake
b.
Inhibiting transmitter release
c.
Interfering with transmitter storage
d.
Preventing activation of receptors Correct Answer: d.
Preventing activation of receptors
A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about neuropharmacology. Which statement by a student about peripheral nervous system (PNS) drugs indicates a need for further teaching?
a.
"Drugs affecting axonal conduction have a variety of uses."
b.
"Drugs that alter synaptic transmission can be highly selective."
c.
"Many PNS drugs act by altering synaptic transmission."
d.
"These drugs work by influencing receptor activity." Correct Answer: a.
"Drugs affecting axonal conduction have a variety of uses.
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication and learns that it is a nonselective agonist drug. What does the nurse understand about this drug?
a.
It directly activates receptors to affect many physiologic processes.
b.
It directly activates receptors to affect a specific physiologic process.
c.
It prevents receptor activation to affect many physiologic processes.
d.
It prevents receptor activation to affect a specific physiologic processes. Correct Answer: a.
It directly activates receptors to affect many physiologic processes.
A nurse is administering drug X to a patient. The drug information states that the drug acts by activating receptors in the peripheral nervous system by increasing transmitter synthesis. The nurse understands that the effect of this drug is to:
a.
activate axonal conduction.
b.
enhance transmitter storage.
c.
increase receptor activation.
d.
synthesize supertransmitters. Correct Answer: c.
increase receptor activation.
A nurse learns about a drug that interferes with transmitter storage in the PNS. The transmitter affected by this drug causes an increased heart rate. What response will the nurse expect to see when this drug is administered?
a.
Bradycardia
b.
Positive inotropic effects
c.
Prolonged receptor activation
d.
Tachycardia Correct Answer: a.
Bradycardia
A patient receiving botulinum toxin injections to control muscle spasticity asks how the drug works. The nurse knows that this drug affects the transmitter acetylcholine by:
a.
inhibiting its release.
b.
interfering with its storage.
c.
preventing its reuptake.
d.
promoting its synthesis. Correct Answer: a.
inhibiting its release.
A patient has allergies and takes an antihistamine. The patient wants to know how the drug works. The nurse understands that antihistamines work because they are what?
a.
Activators
b.
Agonists
c.
Antagonists
d.
Antidotes Correct Answer: c.
Antagonists
A nursing student asks about drugs that interfere with the termination of transmitter action. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
a.
"Drugs act on this process by altering the diffusion of the transmitter away from the synaptic gap."
b.
"Drugs can interfere with termination by either increasing or decreasing reuptake of the transmitter."
c.
"Drugs in this category lead to decreased activation by the transmitter in the synapse."
d.
"These drugs reduce either reuptake or degradation of the transmitter, causing an increase in receptor activation." Correct Answer: d.
"These drugs reduce either reuptake or degradation of the transmitter, causing an increase in receptor activation."
What is the target organ when a beta1 agonist is administered?
a.
heart
b.
kidney
c.
respiratory
d.
liver Correct Answer: a.
heart
A nurse is teaching a patient about a medication that alters sympathetic nervous system functions. To evaluate understanding, the nurse asks the patient to describe which functions the sympathetic nervous system regulates. Which answer indicates the need for further teaching?
a.
"The digestive functions of the body"
b.
"The cardiovascular system"
c.
"The fight-or-flight response"
d.
"Body temperature" Correct Answer: a.
"The digestive functions of the body"
A patient is wheezing and short of breath. The nurse assesses a heart rate of 88 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 124/78 mm Hg. The prescriber orders a nonspecific beta agonist medication. Besides evaluating the patient for a reduction in respiratory distress, the nurse will monitor for which side effect?
a.
Hypotension
b.
Tachycardia
c.
Tachypnea
d.
Urinary retention Correct Answer: b.
Tachycardia
A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about neurotransmitters. Which statement by a student about acetylcholine indicates a need for further teaching?
a.
"It activates three cholinergic receptor subtypes."
b.
"It has effects in the parasympathetic, sympathetic, and somatic nervous systems."
c.
"It is used at most junctions of the peripheral nervous system."
d.
"Its transmission is terminated by reuptake into the cholinergic nerve terminal." Correct Answer: d.
"Its transmission is terminated by reuptake into the cholinergic nerve terminal."
A nurse is administering an agonist drug that acts on postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Which response will the nurse expect to see?
a.
Decreased sweating
b.
Bronchodilation
c.
Increased cardiac output
d.
Pinpoint pupils Correct Answer: c.
Increased cardiac output
Many medications list side effects that include dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention. What kinds of effects are these?
a.
Alpha adrenergic
b.
Anticholinergic
c.
Beta adrenergic
d.
Sympathetic Correct Answer: b.
Anticholinergic
A nurse is explaining activation of beta2 receptors to nursing students during a clinical rotation at the hospital. Which statement by a student demonstrates a need for further teaching?
a.
"Beta2 activation results in bronchodilation."
b.
"Beta2 activation results in contraction of uterine muscle."
c.
"Beta2 activation results in glycogenolysis."
d.
"Beta2 activation results in vasodilation of skeletal muscles." Correct Answer: b.
"Beta2 activation results in contraction of uterine muscle."
A pregnant patient is in premature labor. Which class of drug will she be given?
a.
Alpha1 agonist
b.
Anticholinergic
c.
Beta2 agonist
d.
Beta2 antagonist Correct Answer: c.
Beta2 agonist
A patient is to receive a beta agonist. Before administration of this medication, which assessment finding would most concern the nurse?
a.
Pulse oximetry reading of 88%
b.
Blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg
c.
Respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute
d.
Heart rate of 110 beats per minute Correct Answer: d.
Heart rate of 110 beats per minute
A prescriber has ordered pilocarpine [Pilocar]. A nurse understands that the drug stimulates muscarinic receptors and would expect the drug to have which action?
a.
Reduction of excessive secretions in a postoperative patient
b.
Lowering of intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma
c.
Inhibition of muscular activity in the bladder
d.
Prevention of hypertensive crisis Correct Answer: b.
Lowering of intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma
A patient has developed muscarinic antagonist toxicity from ingestion of an unknown chemical. The nurse should prepare to administer which medication?
a.
Atropine [Sal-Tropine] IV
b.
Physostigmine [Antilirium]
c.
An acetylcholinesterase activator
d.
Pseudoephedrine [Ephedrine] Correct Answer: b.
Physostigmine [Antilirium]
A prescriber has ordered bethanechol [Urecholine] for a postoperative patient who has urinary retention. The nurse reviews the patient's chart before giving the drug. Which part of the patient's history would be a contraindication to using this drug?
a.
Asthma as a child
b.
Gastroesophageal reflux
c.
Hypertension
d.
Hypothyroidism Correct Answer: a.
Asthma as a child
A patient will begin using a transdermal preparation of a muscarinic antagonist for overactive bladder (OAB). The nurse teaches the patient what to do if side effects occur. Which statement by the patient indicates the need for further teaching?
a.
"I can use sugar-free gum for dry mouth."
b.
"I may need laxatives for constipation."
c.
"I should keep the site covered to prevent other people from getting the medicine."
d.
"I will take Benadryl for any itching caused by a local reaction to the patch." Correct Answer: d.
"I will take Benadryl for any itching caused by a local reaction to the patch."
An older adult patient who lives alone and is somewhat forgetful has an overactive bladder (OAB) and reports occasional constipation. The patient has tried behavioral therapy to treat the OAB without adequate results. Which treatment will the nurse anticipate for this patient?
a.
Oxybutynin short-acting syrup
b.
Oxybutynin [Ditropan XL] extended-release tablets
c.
Oxybutynin [Oxytrol] transdermal patch
d.
Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) Correct Answer: c.
Oxybutynin [Oxytrol] transdermal patch
A patient received atropine intravenously before surgery. The recovery room nurse notes that the patient is delirious upon awakening and has a heart rate of 96 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 110/78 mm Hg. The nurse notifies the anesthesiologist, who will order:
a.
activated charcoal to minimize intestinal absorption of the antimuscarinic agent.
b.
an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor to compete with the antimuscarinic agent at receptors.
c.
an antipsychotic medication to treat the patient's central nervous system symptoms.
d.
ipratropium bromide [Atrovent] to counter the respiratory effects of the antimuscarinic agent. Correct Answer: b.
an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor to compete with the antimuscarinic agent at receptors.
Bethanechol [Urecholine] is used to treat urinary reten [Show Less]