PHARM CH 1- DRUG ACTION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2022
A patient has liver and kidney disease. He is given a medication with a half-life of 30
hours. The
... [Show More] nurse expects the duration of this medication to
increase.
decrease.
remain unchanged.
dissipate. - ANS-increase
When assessing older adults and those with renal dysfunction, the nurse knows that
creatinine clearance is usually
substantially increased.
slightly increased.
decreased.
in the normal range. - ANS-decreased
A patient sustains significant burns to the skin and is experiencing fluid shift
associated with edema in the fluid overload phase. The nurse would anticipate that
this will interfere most with which phase of pharmacodynamics?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion - ANS-distribution
Which nursing actions would be most appropriate for ensuring patient safety with a
medication that has a low therapeutic index?
Monitoring a patient's urine output
Assessing vital signs hourly
Maintaining strict isolation precautions
Monitoring serum peak and trough levels - ANS-Monitoring serum peak and trough
levels
Most drugs are metabolized in the
A. kidney.
B. small intestine.
C. liver.
D. brain. - ANS-liver
3 phases of drug action - ANS-1. pharmaceutic
2. pharmacokinetics
3. pharmacodynamics
pharmaceutic phase - ANS-1st phase of drug action; disintegration & dissolution;
only applies to solid drugs
dissolution - ANS-dissolving of the smaller particles in the GI fluid before absorption
disintegration - ANS-the breakdown of a tablet into smaller pieces
pharmacokinetics - ANS-2nd phase of drug action; it's the process of drug movement
to achieve drug action
4 phases:
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
absorption - ANS-movement of drug particles from the GI tract to body fluids by
passive or active absorption, or pinocytosis; affected by drug form, route of
administration, GI mucosa & motility, food & other drugs, & changes in liver
metabolism
passive absorption - ANS-occurs mostly by diffusion (movement from higher to lower
concentration); drug does not require energy to move across membrane
active absorption - ANS-requires a carrier, like an enzyme or protein, to move the
drug against a concentration gradient; energy is required
pinocytosis - ANS-process by which cells carry a drug across their membrane by
engulfing the drug particles
distribution - ANS-process by which the drug becomes available to body fluids &
tissues; influenced by blood flow, the drug's affinity to tissues, and the proteinbinding effect
metabolism - ANS-(biotransformation) process by which the body inactivates or
biotransforms drugs; liver is the primary site for metabolism; effects the half-life of a
drug
half-life - ANS-the time it takes for one half of the drug concentration to be eliminated
excretion - ANS-(elimination) main route of drug elimination is through the kidneys;
other routes include liver, feces, lungs, saliva, sweat, and breast milk
creatinine clearance (CLcr) - ANS-test used to determine renal function & blood urea
nitrogen (BUN)
pharmacodynamics - ANS-3rd phase of drug action; study of the way drugs affect
the body- primary effect is desirable, secondary effect may be desirable or
undesirable
aspects include:
dose response & maximal efficacy
onset, peak, & duration of action
receptor theory
nonspecific drug effect
nonselective drug effect
dose response... [Show Less]