PEDS nursing 2023 EXAM
What criteria do you need to diagnose Kawasaki Disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS Fever for more than 5 days with the
... [Show More] following:
- changed color of extremities
- eye infection/ red eyes
- changed oral mucosa (strawberry tongue)
- polymorphism rash
- swelling of lymph nodes ***
What are the types of shock? What are the stages of shock? - CORRECT ANSWERS TYPES STAGES
Hypovolemic Compensated
Distributive Decompensated
Cardiogenic Irreversible shock
What are the most common tests performed for cardiac heart disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS Electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization
What is cerebral palsy? - CORRECT ANSWERS Group of permanent disorders that involve decreased movement and posture
What characterizes cerebral palsy? - CORRECT ANSWERS Abnormal muscle tone:
Poor head control @ 3 months
Clenched fists after 3 months
No smiling @ 3 months
Unable to sit w/o support @ 8 months
Arching back/pushing away, stiff/rigid limbs
Is there a relationship between cerebral palsy and epilepsy? - CORRECT ANSWERS Yes, 15-60% of CP patients have epilepsy
What can cause cerebral palsy? - CORRECT ANSWERS 80% are UNKNOWN causes
12% are premature infants
other: preventricular leukemia, chorio, result of shaken baby syndrome
What are the types of cerebral palsy? - CORRECT ANSWERS Spastic, Dyskinetic, Ataxic, other
How is cerebral palsy diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWERS Neurological exam and history
Neuroimaging
Metabolic and genetic testing
Are cerebral palsy patients cognitively impaired? - CORRECT ANSWERS 30-50% of CP patients are cognitively impaired
Rigid, atonic, and quadraparetic CP are most commonly related to cognitive impairment
What therapeutic interventions can be done for patients with cerebral palsy? - CORRECT ANSWERS They can wear ankle.foot braces
Orthopedic surgery
Meds for pain and spastic movement
Botox
physical/occupational therapy
What are the 2 types of spina bifida? - CORRECT ANSWERS Occulta (not-visible) and Cystica (visible)
Generally, what is the cause of spinal cord injuries? - CORRECT ANSWERS Indirect trauma (i.e. MVA's, vertebral compression from blows to head or butt)
Can also be caused by traciton force on spinal cord during breech delivery
What nerve does a high cervical cord injury affect? - CORRECT ANSWERS Phrenic nerve --> paralyzes diaphragm, thus pt requires ventilation
What procedure can be done for spinal cord injuries? - CORRECT ANSWERS FES (functional electrical sitimulation)
Are muscular dystrophies genetic? - CORRECT ANSWERS Yes, they have genetic origin --> Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy has an X-linked pattern thus they affect males more than females
Will patients with muscular dystropy reach developmental milestones? - CORRECT ANSWERS Yes, however they may regress (crawl, then walk, then crawl years later)
When age group does Duchenne muscular dystrophy normally affect? - CORRECT ANSWERS 3-7 years old
*** most important cause of muscular dysfunction in childhood ***
What are characteristics of Duchenne muscular dystrophy? - CORRECT ANSWERS Calf muscle hypertrophy
Progressive weakness
Gower sign, waddling when walking
Lordosis
Enlarged muscles (esp. thighs & upper arms)
Mental deficiency common
Death from respiratory or cardiac failure
How is Duchenne muscular dystrophy diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWERS blood PCR
then confirmed by muscle biopsy, electromyelogram [Show Less]