PEDIATRICS EMERGENCIES EMTS 2024 LATEST EXAM DETAILED QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS A GRADED
1. A 4-year-old boy is found unresponsive by his mother. When you
... [Show More] begin your assessment, the child's mother tells you that her son apparently ingested some of her antihypertensive medication. The child has poor perfusion and is breathing poorly. As you are assisting the child's ventilations with high-flow oxygen, your partner informs you that the child's heart rate is 50 beats/min and weak and that the cardiac monitor reveals sinus bradycardia. You should:
initiate one-rescuer CPR while your partner attempts to establish vascular access.
2. The goal in treating a child with epiglottitis is to:
A. transport him or her to the hospital with a maintainable airway
B. Administer corticosteroids to reduce edema in the upper airway
C. intubate him or her before the epiglottis blocks the upper airway
D. administer oxygen by nonrebreathing mask and transport at once
transport him or her to the hospital with a maintainable airway.
3. Which of the following is LEAST characteristic of an apparent life-threatening event in an infant?
Brief loss of a pulse
4. Which of the following statements regarding chest trauma in children is correct?
Children are more prone to intrathoracic trauma due to compression forces
5. You would MOST likely encounter a child with a tracheostomy tube breathing spontaneously on room air if:
The purpose of the tube is to bypass a mechanical upper airway obstruction.
6. A 2-year-old girl fell approximately 12 feet from a second-story window, landing on her head. Your primary assessment reveals that she is unresponsive; has slow, irregular respirations; and has blood draining from her mouth and nose. A rapid scan of her body does not reveal any gross injuries or bleeding. You should:
Open her airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver, suction her mouth and nose, insert an oral airway, and assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device.
7. Which of the following statements regarding a child's chest wall is correct?
A. lung sounds are difficult to hear because of the thick intercostal muscles
B. children are belly breathers because they rely heavily on their diaphragms
C. a child's chest wall has proportionately more subcutaneous fat on the chest.
D. retractions are less obvious in children owing to their noncompliant rib cages
Children are belly breathers because they rely heavily on their diaphragms
8. You and your partner are caring for a child with stable supraventricular tachycardia that was refractory to initial treatment. As your partner is preparing to establish vascular access, the child's level of consciousness decreases markedly. You reassess the child and note that his femoral pulse is rapid and weak. You should:
Perform immediate synchronized cardioversion and reassess.
9. Meningococcal meningitis with sepsis is typically characterized by a(n):
Purpuric rash
10. You receive a call at 11:50 PM for a 3-year-old boy with respiratory distress. As soon as you enter the child's residence, you can hear a loud, barking cough. You find the child sitting on his mother's lap. He is conscious and appears alert to his surroundings. According to the child's mother, he has been sick for the past few days with a low-grade fever, but then began experiencing a high-pitched cough. His skin is warm and dry, his heart rate is 120 beats/min, and his oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. There are no signs of increased work of breathing. You should:
Allow the child to assume a position of comfort, avoid agitating him, and transport him to the hospital.
11. Compared to adults, the smaller diameter of a child's airway makes it more vulnerable to:
A. laryngospasm
B. inhalation injury
C. oropharyngeal secretions
D. obstruction by the tongue
Obstruction by the tongue.
12. First-degree heart block in children: s
Typically asymptomatic and does not require special treatment.
13. The use of a straight blade during pediatric intubation:
A. is generally reserved for neonates only
B. makes it easier to manipulate the epiglottis
C. is associated with a higher risk of bradycardia
D. facilitates laryngoscopy by lifting the vallecula
Makes it easier to manipulate the epiglottis.
14. Which of the following statements regarding bronchiolitis is correct?
Bronchiolitis is a viral infection of the lower airway that commonly affects infants and children younger than 2 years of age.
15. When preparing to intubate a small child, it is important to remember that:
A. a small child's epiglottis is very rigid
B. prolonged attempts often cause tachycardia
C. you should hyperventilate before intubating
D. small children have a relatively large occiput
Small children have a relatively large occiput.
16. The management for any potentially toxic exposure in children begins by:
Ensuring a patent airway.
17. In contrast to adults, young children are more prone to liver and spleen injuries because the organs:
Extend well below the rib cage.
18. When mechanically securing an injured child's head and neck to a backboard, you should:
avoid placing a strap or tape over the chin.
19. A sick or injured child's general appearance is MOST reflective of:
his or her central nervous system function
20. You should be MOST suspicious for cardiogenic shock in an infant or child if:
perfusion decreases following a fluid bolus.
21. The FIRST step in examining a toddler in stable condition is to:
A. let the child sit on a parent's lap
B. place yourself at the child's level
C. quickly examine any painful areas
D. allow the child to hold a favorite toy
let the child sit on a parent's lap.
22. A child who is experiencing a moderate asthma attack would MOST likely present with:
wheezing during inspiration and expiration.
23. The MOST appropriate vagal maneuver for an infant involves:
holding ice packs firmly to the face.
24. The incidence of sudden infant death syndrome peaks between the ages of:
2 and 4 months
25. Which of the following statements regarding croup is correct?
Croup is a viral upper airway infection that may cause stridor
26. The pediatric assessment triangle was designed to:
A. formulate a working field diagnosis upon first sight of an ill child.
B. identify immediate life threats through rapid hands-on assessment
C. help EMS providers form a hands-off general impression of an ill child
D. provide a means for performing a rapid head-to-toe physical assessment
Help EMS providers form a hands-off general impression of an ill child.
27. You are assessing a 10-year-old child with apparent ventricular tachycardia, but cannot decide whether electrical or pharmacologic therapy is the most appropriate initial treatment approach. Which of the following interventions would pose the GREATEST potential for harm?
Starting an IV line and administering amiodarone followed by procainamide
28. You are called to a residence for a ventilator-dependent child with respiratory distress. Upon your arrival, the child's mother tells you that the child was doing fine, but then suddenly began experiencing labored breathing. She further tells you that the child's home ventilator was recently replaced with a newer one. Assessment of the child reveals that she is in marked respiratory distress and has intercostal retractions. Your FIRST action should be to:
Disconnect the child from the ventilator and begin bag-mask ventilations.
29. Prior to administering pharmacologic therapy to an infant or child with pulseless ventricular tachycardia, the paramedic should perform:
Defibrillation
30. In contrast to adults, children:
A. land on their feet when they fall
B. Have proportionately larger heads
C. experience head injury less frequently
D. lose most body heat through the chest
Have proportionately larger heads.
31. Etomidate should be avoided as an induction agent in pediatric intubation in the presence of:
Septic shock
32. A child's vocal cords can be difficult to visualize during intubation because:
A. the epiglottis is floppy and U-shaped
B. the cords themselves are more posterior
C. a sniffing position id difficult to achieve
D. the area of the cricoid cartilage is narrow
The epiglottis is floppy and U-shaped.
33. Common signs and symptoms of meningitis in young children include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Nuchal rigidity.
34. Counting an infant's respiratory rate for 15 seconds and then quadrupling that number:
May yield a falsely low respiratory rate because infants may have periodic breathing or variable respiratory rates with short periods of apnea.
35. When assessing a child's circulation by looking at his or her skin, pallor is MOST indicative of:
A. vasomotor instability and decompensated shock
B. peripheral vasoconstriction and compensated shock
C. poor oxygenation and a state of circulatory collapse
D. systemic vasodilation with resulting low blood pressure
Peripheral vasoconstriction and compensated shock
36. While assessing the airway of a 3-year-old girl who is unresponsive, you hear a snoring sound during each of her slow, shallow breaths. You should:
Manually maneuver her head and reassess her breathing status
37. Bradydysrhythmias in children MOST often occur secondary to:
A. severe hypoxia
B. drug ingestion
C. AV heart block
D. cardiac irritability
Severe hypoxia.
38. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the heart is:
Weakened and enlarged, making it a less efficient pump.
39. In contrast to a child with pulmonary edema secondary to congestive heart failure, the respirations of a hypercarbic child without pulmonary edema would MOST likely be:
Tachypneic and without retractions
40. You receive a call to a residence for a 6-year-old girl with a decreased level of consciousness. The child has hydrocephalus following surgery to remove a brain tumor and has a ventricular shunt in place. The child's level of consciousness is markedly decreased from its baseline, and the child's caregiver tells you that she [Show Less]