Dictatorial or authoritarian parenting style - ANS-parents try to control the child's
behaviors and attitudes through unquestioned rules and
... [Show More] expectations
EX: Child NEVER allowed to watch television on school nights.
permissive parenting style - ANS-Parents exert little or no control over the child's
behaviors, and consult the child when making decisions
EX: child assists with deciding whether he will watch television
Democratic or authoritative - ANS-Parents direct child's behavior by setting rules &
explaining reason for each rule setting
EX: child can watch TV for 1 hour on school nights after completing homework/chores
- Parents negatively reinforce deviations from the rules
EX: privilege is taken away but later reinstated based on new guidelines.
Passive parenting style - ANS-Parents are uninvolved, indifferent, and emotionally
removed
EX: child may watch TV whenever he wants.
Erect head posture expected at ________ months of age. - ANS-4
Lymph nodes that are _________, __________, _________, and ___________ can be
an expected finding in children. - ANS-small, palpable, nontender, and mobile.
*Lymph nodes are typically nonpalpable but if presents as above, it is normal.
posterior fontanel closes by... - ANS-6-8 weeks of age
anterior fontanel closes by... - ANS-12-18 months of age
Permanent color of the irises develop around... - ANS-6 to 12 months of age.
To visualize the internal ear of a child < 3 yo, pull the pinna ________ and _________. -
ANS-down and back
To visualize the internal ear of a child > 3 yo, pull the pinna ______ and ________. -
ANS-up and back.
If a white coating on an infants tongue is easily removed then it is __________. - ANSmilk
If a white coating on an infants tongue is NOT easily removed then it is __________. -
ANS-oral candidiasis.
By one year, infants have ______ to ______ teeth. - ANS-6 to 8 teeth.
There are ________ deciduous teeth and _________ permanent teeth. - ANS-20
deciduous teeth; 32 permanent teeth.
sucking and rooting reflex - ANS-Elicited by stroking the cheek or edge of mouth.
Newborn turns the head toward the side that is touched and starts to suck.
Birth to 4 months.
palmar grasp reflex - ANS-elicited by lightly stimulating the palm of the hand
Birth to 3 months.
Plantar Grasp Reflex - ANS-Elicited by touching the sole of the foot
The newborn responds by curling toes downward
Birth to 8 months.
Moro reflex - ANS-Elicited by allowing the head and trunk of infant to fall backward to an
angle of at least 30 degrees.
The infants arms and legs symmetrically extend, then abduct while fingers spread to
form C shape.
Birth to 4 months.
startle reflex - ANS-Elicited by clapping hands or by a loud noise
Newborn abducts arms at elbows, and hands remain clenched
**KEY: HANDS REMAIN CLENCHED unlike in the moro reflex where fingers spread to
form C shape.
Birth to 4 months.
tonic neck reflex - ANS-elicited by turning an infants head to one side
the infant extends the arm and leg on that side and flexes the arm and leg on the
opposite side.
Birth to 3 to 4 months.
Babinski reflex - ANS-elicited by stroking outer edge of sole of foot and toes will fan
upward and out.
Birth to 1 year
stepping reflex - ANS-elicited by holding an infant upright with his feet touching a flat
surface.
infant will make stepping movements
Birth to 4 weeks.
Cranial Nerve I - ANS-Olfactory
INFANTS: difficult to test
CHILDREN/ADOLESCENCE: identifies smells through each nostril individually.
Cranial Nerve II - ANS-Optic - vision
INFANTS: looks at face and tracks with eyes
CHILDREN/ADOLESCENCE: intact visual acuity, peripheral vision, and color vision
Color vision assessed using the Ishihara color test or Hardy-Rand-Rittler Test
Cranial Nerve III - ANS-Oculomotor
INFANTS: blinks in response to light/pupils reactive to light
CHILDREN/ADOLESCENCE: PERRLA intact
Cranial Nerve IV - ANS-Trochlear - turns eye downward and laterally
INFANTS: Looks at face & tracks w/ eyes
CHILDREN/ADOLESCENTS: ability to look down and in with eyes
Cranial Nerve V - ANS-Trigeminal - chewing face & mouth touch & pain
INFANTS: rooting and sucking reflexes
CHILDREN: clenches teeth together; detects touch on face w/ eyes closed.
Cranial Nerve VI - ANS-Abducens
-involved with eye abduction (eyes facing forward)
INFANTS: looks at face and tracks w/ eyes
CHILDREN/ADOLESCENTS: able to see laterally w/ eyes... [Show Less]