PATHOPHYSIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 2022
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (WESTERN GOVERNORS
UNIVERSITY)
lOMoARcPSD|180 417 96
Downloaded by sierra tango1
... [Show More] ([email protected])
■ Introduction
■ Pathology- the work of pathologist/physicians whose focus is on the physical
changes present in diseased organs and tissues.
■ Pathophysiology- the abnormal functioning of diseased organs with application
to patient care. (physiology gone bad)
■ Etiology- the study of the cause of a disease
■ Idiopathic- etiology is unknown
■ Three kinds of etiology:
1. Genetic etiology
○ Genes are responsible for some structural or functional defects.
2. Congenital etiology
○ Environmental issues effect prenatal development
○ Ex. Cystic fibrosis
3. Acquired disease
○ Encountered later in life, developed over time
○ Tuberculosis, emphysema, hepatitis
■ Symptoms- reflect the patients subjective experiences, what the doc looks at
■ Signs- are detected by the patient, rash or increased body temp
■ Syndrome- combination of signs and symptoms
■ Sequala- a condition resulting from a disease
■ Acute- short, rapid growth
■ Chronic- long duration
■ Insidious- minor changes that don’t arouse immediate concern
■ Local- one region of the body
■ Focal- limited to one or more distinct sites
■ Diffuse- is uniformly distributed
■
■ Diagnosis- the identification of the patients specific disease
■ Prognosis- the prediction of a particular disease’s outcome
■
lOMoARcPSD|180 417 96
Downloaded by sierra tango1 ([email protected])
■
Chapter 1
■ At the subcellular level organelles perform various tasks for the overall function
■ The specialized functions are because of the chemical level. Atoms and
molecules have random patterns of organization. Cells counter this, showing the
distinctive difference of living vs non-living.
The Plasma Membrane
■ Cell/plasma membrane is made up of phospholipid, cholesterol, glycolipid,
protein, and glycoprotein.
1. It defines the size and shape of cells and acts as a container.
2. Selectively permeable – able to pass molecules between cells and environment;
like water. The movement of nutrients and waste. This is done through active
transport expending energy.
○ Transporting ions through ion pumps
○ Endocytosis- inward movement
○ Exocytosis- outward movement
3. Provides the surface were the cell interacts with its environment. This can affect
the permeability or cellular metabolism. Due to receptors forming carbohydrate
component of glycoprotein.
The Mitochondrion
■ Many molecules that enter the cell through its membrane serve as an energy
source. Glucose is the main energy source. The mitochondria extracts it
converting it into ATP, available for transfer to various other metabolic
pathways. Produced during the Krebs cycle, chemical transformations producing
CO2.
■ Requires oxygen (aerobic). The sites of energy metabolism [Show Less]