NURS 6501
Knowledge Check: Module 5
1 of 1 Questions: Describe the pathophysiology of gout.
Gout is an inflammatory response to excessive quantities of
... [Show More] uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia above
6.8mg/dL) and in other body fluids, including synovial fluid. These elevated levels lead to the formation
of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in and around joints. Gout is closely linked to purine metabolism
and kidney function. At the cellular level, purines are synthesized to purine nucleotides, which are used
in the synthesis of nucleic acids, adenosine triphosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and
cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).
1 of 2 Questions: Explain why a patient with gout is more likely to develop renal calculi.
Renal calculi are caused by too much uric acid in urine and elevated uric acid is the root cause of gout.
Renal calculi are more prevalent in people with primary gout than in the general population. Renal
calculi comprised of purse monosodium urate, but also may consist of calcium oxalate or calcium
phosphate. It can form in the collecting tubules, pelvis, or ureters, causing obstruction, dilation, and
atrophy of the more proximal tubules and leading eventually to acute renal failure.
2: What is Lyme disease and what patient factors may have increased his risk developing Lyme
disease?
Lyme disease is a multisystem inflammatory disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi
transmitted by Ixodes tick bites and is the most frequently reported vector-borne illness. Clearing some
underbrush from his back yard approximately a week ago is a contributing factor to developing the
disease condition. The symptoms of Lyme disease occur soon after the bite by tick-borne obligate
parasite within 3 to 32 days with erythema migrans and a bull'seye rash.
3: What is osteoporosis and how does it develop?
Osteoporosis is a complex, multifactorial chronic disease that often progresses silently for decades until
fractures occur. It is a disease in which bone weakening increases the risk of a broken bone. Osteoporosis
develops when the remodeling cycle, the process of bone resorption and bone formation, is disrupted,
leading to an imbalance in the coupling process.
4: Explain why patients with rheumatoid arthritis exhibit these symptoms and how does it differ from
osteoarthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, many of which
are unknown. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that
may involve many tissues and organs but particularly affects the joints. The pain is caused by pressure
from swelling, it also can be caused by sclerosis of subchondral bone and new bone formation. Stiffness
usually lasts for about 1 hour after arising in the morning and is caused by synovitis. Osteoarthritis is not
a common outcome in younger people with predisposing events, such as injury e.g., dislocations, [Show Less]