PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS-ALL CHAPTERS COMPLETE
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. Which
... [Show More] statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances
from theirsurroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a
cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGdTroBg.CenOMperoxide (H2O2) by
using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomesare involved in
enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cellinjury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which
can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The
other options do not correctly describe thisprocess.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
pancreascells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to theribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to
the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane
to the cellmembrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to
the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell
membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell
membrane.
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosomefor synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which
is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis;
(2) the S phase(S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the
period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4)
the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
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