Metastatic calcification - Calcium infiltration into *normal tissue* (Hypervitaminosis D)
Dystrophic calcification - Calcium infiltration into
... [Show More] *abnormal tissue* (atherosclerosis, atheroma)
Caseous degeneration - Degeneration associated with tuberculosis
Enzymatic degeneration - Degeneration associated with the pancreas
Fatty degeneration - This degeneration is seen in the liver (nutmeg liver)and heart (tabby cat heart). In blood vessels, it begins as a fatty dot -> fatty streak -> atheroma (fatty plaque) -> fibroatheroma (fibrous tissue, calcium)
Liquifactive degeneration - This type of degeneration occurs in the CNS (brain melts, tertiary syphilis, leprosy) and skin (from an infection)
Wallerian degeneraation - This type of degeneration affects peripheral nerves. Degeneration occurs from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier. It causes the "dying back" phenomenon.
Zenker's (Waxy) degeneration - This type of degeneration is most common in skeletal muscle, and muscle is replaced with hyaline
Karyolysis - This is nuclear rupture
Karyorrhexis - This is nuclear swelling
Pyknosis - This is nuclear condensation
Atrophy - This is decrease in size. Most commonly seen in muscle
Hypertrophy - This is increase in size (usually seen in muscle)
Hyperplasia - This is an increase in the number of cells, as seen in a pregnant uterus or goiters
Metaplasia - This is change from one ell type to another, such as pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium changing to stratified squamous epithelium in the lungs of a smoker
Dysplasia - This is a change in size, shape, or function in a cell. It is precancerous, but the last stage that is reversible before it becomes cancerous
Anaplasia - This is complete disorganization of a cell (cancer)
Type 1 collagen - This collagen is found in bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments
Type 2 collagen - This type of collagen is found in IVDs, particularly the nucleus pulposus
Type 3 collagen - This type of collagen is known as "reticular collagen", and is found in the spleen and lymph nodes. It is *seen in early wound healing*
Type 4 collagen - This type of collagen forms the basement membrane
Silicosis - This type of pneumoconiosis involves silica fro sand, rock, or glass. Sandblasters are at risk. Causes "Rock Quarry disease"
Asbestosis - This pneumoconiosis is caused by inhalation of asbestos,which leads to mesothelioma, a malignant tumor
Siderosis - This pneumoconiosis is caused by iron dust
Byssinosis - This pneumoconiosis is caused by cotton dust, forming "brown lung"
Anthracosis - This pneumoconiosis is black lung disease fro miners. Caplan's syndrome occurs when it is combined with RA
Histomycosis/Histoplasmosis - This pneumoconiosis is formed by an endemic fungus in the Mississippi or Ohio valleys. Referred to as "Mississippi valley fever" or "Ohio valley fever"
Coccidiomycosis - At his pneumoconiosis is caused by endemic fungus in the southwest. AKA "San Joaquin Valley fever" or just "Valley Fever"
Blastomycosis - This pneumoconiosis is formed by an endemic fungus on the eastern seaboard from Florida to Nova Scotia
Asthma - this lung disease produces sputum that yields "Curshmann's Spirals" or "Charcot Leyden crystals" [Show Less]