• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
Your patient eats “lots of fat,” leads a “stressful” life, and has smoked “about two packs a day
for the last 40
... [Show More] years.” Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed
with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this
patient is
Selected Answer: b. cigarette smoking.
Correct Answer: b. cigarette smoking.
Response
Feedback:
The most likely contributing factor for the development of lung cancer is
cigarette smoking. Tobacco smoke contains hundreds of compounds, many of
which have known genotoxicity and probably serve as initiators. Tobacco smoke
also contains promoters, which spur the mutant cells to proliferate. Although a
high-fat diet, urban pollutants, and a stressful lifestyle have been implicated in
some types of cancer, they are not the likely contributing factor in your patient’s
lung cancer.
1. Question 2
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system
and are mediated by
Selected Answer: b. norepinephrine.
Correct Answer: b. norepinephrine.
Response
Feedback:
Norepinephrine is secreted in response to activation of the sympathetic nervous
system during stress by the adrenal medulla. Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal
cortex. Glucagon is secreted by the pancreas. ACTH is secreted by the pituitary
gland.
1. Question 3
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must
understand that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a
condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed sensitivity.
Selected Answer: b. True
Correct Answer: b. True
Response The sensitivity of any test refers to the probability that the test will be positive
Feedback: when applied to a person with the condition and will not provide a false
negative result. In contrast, specificity is the probability that a test will be
negative when applied to a person who does not have a given condition.
1. Question 4
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except
Selected Answer: b. necrosis.
Correct Answer: b. necrosis.
Response
Feedback:
Necrosis refers to death of cells/tissue and is not reversible. Metaplasia refers to
the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another from persistent
injury and is reversible when the injury stops. Atrophy occurs because of lack of
use of an organ and is reversible. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of
cells from increased physiologic demands or hormonal stimulation and is
reversible.
1. Question 5
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
Coagulative necrosis is caused by
Selected Answer: a. interrupted blood s [Show Less]