Signs and symptoms of ureteral (kidney) stones - CORRECT ANSWER-flank pain,
sweating, nausea, vomiting, and hematuria
What is the common composition of
... [Show More] renal calculi? - CORRECT ANSWER-calcium
crystals
polycystic kidney disease - CORRECT ANSWER-condition in which the kidney contains
many cysts and is enlarged; the cysts will alter kidney function
glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney;
immune complex reaction resulting in alterations in the glomerular capillary structure
and function; mediated by IgE
Major sign/symptom of renal cancer - CORRECT ANSWER-hematuria
What forms renal calculi in patients with gouty arthritis? - CORRECT ANSWER-uric acid
Acute pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER-infection of the renal pelvis usually from an
ascending UTI; inflammation that does not result in scarring or fibrosis
What is the common bacteria that causes a UTI? - CORRECT ANSWER-E. coli
Chronic Pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER-infection of the renal pelvis that has
scarring and fibrosis and can result in chronic kidney disease; associated with reflux or
processes that lead to urine stasis
clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER-CVA tenderness,
fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
clinical manifestations of chronic pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER-abdominal or
flank pain, fever, malaise, anorexia
what are the three phases of tubular necrosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-prodromal
phase, oliguric phase, post oliguric phase
clinical presentation of the prodromal phase? - CORRECT ANSWER-normal or
declining urine output & BUN creatinine begin to rise,
clinical presentation of the oliguric phase? - CORRECT ANSWER-oliguria, decreased
GFR, hypervolemia (dialysis may be required)
clinical presentation of the postoliguric phase? - CORRECT ANSWER-postoliguric
phase represents renal recovery; urine volume begins to increase and tubular function
begins to improve fluid volume deficit until kidneys recover
renal osteodystrophy in end-stage renal disease - CORRECT ANSWER-elevated
phosphorus and PTH causes alterations in the bone and mineral metabolism; kidneys
are unable to reabsorb the calcium and the bones will begin to break down
anemia in end-stage renal disease - CORRECT ANSWER-kidneys produce
erythropoietin, which is needed to make RBC; a lack of erythropoietin will decrease the
RBC count
What are some common causes of CKD? - CORRECT ANSWER-diabetes and
hypertension
What is the cause for acute tubular necrosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-ischemia leads to
acute tubular necrosis
What are some secondary conditions associated with end-stage chronic renal disease -
CORRECT ANSWER-anemia, malnutrition, bone and mineral disorders, electrolyte
imbalances, metabolic acidosis, uremic syndrome, hypertension, and cardiovascular
disease
what is the most frequent and initial symptom of bladder cancer? - CORRECT
ANSWER-hematuria
What can vesicoureteral reflux lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER-recurrent cystitis
Who is more prone to UTIs? - CORRECT ANSWER-sexually active women
ureterocele - CORRECT ANSWER-cystic dilation of the distal end of the ureter
stress urinary incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER-urine is involuntarily lost with
increases in intraabdominal pressure; occurs due to a weakening of the pelvic muscles
what are some common causes of stress urinary incontinence? - CORRECT ANSWERobesity, childbirth related trauma, pelvic surgery, diabetes
Urgency Urinary Incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER-involuntary sudden leakage of
urine along with immediately feeling the need to urinate again; caused by a weakening
of the detrusor muscle
Cystitis - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation of the bladder lining
What are the causes of cystitis? - CORRECT ANSWER-caused by infection, chemical
irritants, stones, or trauma
What is chryptorchidism a risk factor for? - CORRECT ANSWER-testicular cancer
chryptorchidism - CORRECT ANSWER-failure of the testicles to descend into the
scrotum
testicular torsion - CORRECT ANSWER-twisting of the spermatic cord causing
decreased blood flow to the testis and can lead to ischemia making the patient at risk
for necrosis
what are the clinical manifestations of testicular torsion? - CORRECT ANSWER-severe
sudden pain on the testis, swelling of the scrotum, nausea and vomiting
signs and symptoms of prostatic enlargement (BPH) - CORRECT ANSWER-Prostate
tissue increases and can compress the urethra and bladder outlet causing urinary
retention, obstruction to flow, decreased stream, hesitancy or difficulty initiating stream,
interruption of stream, and infection caused by retention
amenorrhea - CORRECT ANSWER-absence of menstruation
metrorhagia - CORRECT ANSWER-bleeding between periods
hypomenorrhea - CORRECT ANSWER-deficient amount of menstrual flow
oligomenorrhea - CORRECT ANSWER-infrequent menstruation
polymenorrhea - CORRECT ANSWER-increased frequency of menstruation
menorrhagia - CORRECT ANSWER-increased amount and duration of flow
dysfunctional uterine bleeding - CORRECT ANSWER-Abnormal endometrial bleedin [Show Less]