Paramedic Test Questions and Answers
Miosis
Excessive muscle twitching
What does RICE mean
Rest , ice , compression , elevation
SLUDGEM
Salivation
... [Show More] , urination , defecation , Gi distress , emesis , miosis
What part of initial assessment would you perform a needle decompression
Breathing
The most reliable indicator of early decompensated shock is
Level of consciousness
A paramedic who intubates the esophagus instead of the trachea and leaves it in has breached his duty by
Misfeasance
Identifying the mechanism of injury is done in what part of the primary survey
Scene size up
What orthostatic changes occur when going from supine to sitting position
Bp decreases 10-20mmHg Hr increases 10-20Bpm
OPQRST
Onset , Provokes , Quality , Radiates , Severity , Time
The act of injuring a persons character by spoken word
Slander
A sudden shortness of breath that occurs at night and sometimes wakes a person from sleep
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
How the focused history and physical exam are performed is based on the initial assessment and
The patient's chief complaint
The rules that govern the conduct of a particular group or profession
Ethics
The history for a responsive patient should include
Chief complaint , history of present illness , past medical history and current health status
Consent for treatment that is presumed for a patient who is mentally , physically or emotionally unable to grant consent is called
Implied consent
Drug legislation passed in 1906 to protect the public from adulterated or mislabeled drugs
Pure Food and Drug Act
According to the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 , Valium , Lorazepam and Phenobarbital are
Schedule IV drugs
Stimulation of Beta 2 receptors will cause the following
Bronchodilaton , Vasodilation , Glycogenolysis
How a drug is absorbed , distributed , metabolized and excreted is called
Pharmacodynamics
What are example of parenteral drug routes
IV, IM , SL
When two drugs that have the same effect are given together they produce a response greater than the sum of their individual responses it is called
Synergism
Drugs that produce a state of paralysis without affecting consciousness are called
Neuromuscular blocking agents
Beta 2 specific agents used to treat asthma include
Proventil
The substance secreted by pancreatic islets by the alpha cells that increases blood glucose levels is
Glucagon
When should you not attempt intubation in a pediatric patients unless airway failure is imminent
If you suspect epiglottis
Pulmonary ventilation is important in maintaining a normal acid-base balance because it can
Retain or rapidly eliminate large volumes of carbon dioxide
Physiologically the term respiration refers to
The exchange of gases at the cellular level
The preferred neuromuscular blocking agent for RSI is
Succinylcholine
When a portion of the lung is unavailable for gas exchange , yet pulmonary circulation continues in that area you have a condition called
Ventilation-Perfusion mismatch
The Hypoxic drive is stimulated by
Low PaCo2
The average volume of gas inhaled in one respiratory cycle is called
The tidal volume
When would you expect to find a very low end tidal CO2 levels despite a patent airway
When the patient is in cardiac arrest
What is the primary difference between the adult and pediatric airway
The narrowest part of the pediatric airway is the cricoid ring in the trachea
The most ominous finding of auscultation is
Silent chest
In a healthy individual this type of shock may not present with cool , pale , moist skin , tachycardia and narrowed pulse pressure
Neurogenic shock
When a object or force impacts the body and kinetic energy is transferred through body tissues the result is
Blunt trauma
What layer of the arteries controls the diameter
Tunica media
What are the layers of a artery
Tunica intima , tunica media , tunica adventitia
A early indicator of internal hemorrhage is
Change in mental status
They are located in the aortic arch , monitor blood pressure and send feedback to the medulla oblongata to maintain homeostasis
Baroreceptors
The following occurs in late stage decompensated shock
The blood pressure falls
Kinetic energy is
The energy a object has while it is in motion
The Frank - Starling mechanism is
The process by which an increase in cardiac output occurs in proportion to the diastolic stretch of heart muscle fibers
The amount of venous blood returning to the heart is known as
Preload
Shock caused by histamine release is
Anaphylactic shock
Injuries commonly associated with penetrating chest trauma are
Myocardial contusion , pericardial tamponade and hemothorax
The formation of a partial vacuum and subsequent cavity within a semi fluid medium is
Cavitation
The glands that secrete fluid within the dermis are
Sebaceous glands
The finding of JVD in A patient with thoracic trauma is usually associated with
Hemothorax , Traumatic Aphyxia , Tension Pneumothorax
Formula for fluid resuscitation of burn victims includes
4ml x patient weight/kg x BSA burned
Intraperitoneal hemorrhage that occurs with blunt force trauma can result from
A ruptured spleen
The major difference when using the rule of nines between adult and pediatric patients is
The head is of a infant is nearly twice as large proportionally as a adult 18%
Hypovolemic shock
Caused by the loss of body fluids
Cardiogenic shock
Caused the heart failing to pump blood adequately to all vital parts of the body
Neurogenic shock
Caused by the failure nervous system to control the diameter of blood vessels as seen with spinal cord injuries
Anaphylactic shock
A life threatening reaction of the body to a allergen
Psychogenic shock
Fainting : is a nervous system reaction often brought about by fear , bad news or the the sight of blood
Metabolic shock
Caused by the loss of body fluids and changes in body chemistry including salt balance and acid-base balance
Septic shock
Caused by severe infection toxins are released into the bloodstream causing the blood vessels to dilate increasing the volume of the circulatory system beyond functional limits
Shock
The body's reaction to low tissue perfusion
The skin is collectively know as
The Integumentary system
The major problem that results from a pneumothorax is
Respiratory function is impaired
Schedule I medications
High potential for abuse no medical indications i.e. Heroin , LSD
Schedule II medications
High potential for abuse accepted medical indications i.e. Morphine , Dilaudid , Meperidine. Prescriptions must be filled within 24 hours
Schedule III medications
Lesser abuse potential accepted medical indications i.e. Acetaminophen with codiene
Schedule IV medications
Low abuse for potential may cause dependence i.e. Valium
Schedule V medications
Low potential for abuse contains small quantities of narcotics i.e cough medications and antidiarrheal medications
SAMPLE
Signs and Symptoms , Allergies , Medications , Past medical history , Last meal , Events leading up to
What are the four drug names
Chemical , Generic , Trade and Official
Sympathetic nervous system hormones
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Sympathetic nervous system
Fight or Flight alpha and beta receptors
Sympathetic nervous system when stimulated will cause
+ Inotropic effects , + Cronotropic effects and + Dronotropic effects
Parasympathetic nervous system " Feed or Breed"
Controls vegetative functions mediated through the Vagus nerve
Parasympathetic nervous system mediator
Acetylcholine Ach
Parasympathetic nervous system when stimulated will
Cause a slowing of the heart through the SA and AV nodes
Sympathomimetic
A pharmacological agent that mimics the effects of the Sympathetic Nervous system
Malfeasance
A breach of duty by performance of a wrongful or unlawful act
Misfeasance
A breach of duty by performance of a legal act in a manner that is harmful or injurious
Nonfeasance
A breach of duty by failure to perform a required act or duty
Informed consent
Consent for treatment that is given based on full disclosure of information
Expressed consent
Verbal , nonverbal , or written communication by a patient that he wishes to receive medical care
Implied consent
Consent for treatment that is presumed for a patient that is mentally , physically or emotionally unable to grant consent
Involuntary consent
Consent to treatment granted by the authority of a court order
Emancipated minor
A person under 18 years of age who is married , pregnant , a parent , a member of the armed forces or financially independent and living away from home
Diffusion
The movement of a substance from a area of greater concentration to a area of lesser concentration
Osmosis
The passage of a solvent such as water through a membrane
Ph
Potential of hydrogen a measure of relative acidity or alkalinity normal Ph range is 7.35 - 7.45
Sebum
Fatty secretion of sebaceous gland that helps keep the skin pliable and waterproof
Sudoriferous glands
Glands within the dermis that secrete sweat
Axial skeleton
Bones of the head , thorax and spine
Appendicular skeleton
Bones of the extremities , shoulder girdle and pelvis except the sacrum
Clinical death
Cessation of breathing brain death begins in 4-6 minutes
Biological death
Begins 10 minutes after breathing ceases
Tendon
Tissue that connects muscle to bone
Sprain
A partially torn ligament
Strain
The overstretching or mild tear of a muscle
Ligament
Tissue that connects bone to bone
Alpha drug receptors
Are in lungs and arteries they vasoconstrict and bronchodilate
Beta 1 drug receptors
Are in the heart and cause + Inotropic effects , + Cronotropic effects and + Dronotropic effects
Beta 2 drug receptors
Are in the lungs they bronchodilate and peripheral vasodilation
Drug sources
Plant , animal , mineral and synthetic
The alveoli are moistened and kept open by a chemical called
Surfactant
The portion of the brain that controls ventilation is the
Medulla
What is the most important determinant of ventilatory rate
Arterial PCO2
A common sign of asthma is
A persistent cough
Kehr's sign
Referred pain to the left shoulder usually indicative of a ruptured spleen
The tissue lining of the trachea is
Ciliated and mucous secreting
Pulsus Paradoxus
A drop of more 10mmHg in systolic BP during inspiration
Pulsus Alternans
Alteration of weak and strong pulses over time
ST segment elevation
Myocardial injury
ST segment depression
Myocardial ischemia
T wave inversion
Myocardial ischemia
Beck's triad
Falling Bp , JVD , Muffled Heart Sounds
Leads I , II , III form the
Einthoven's triangle
Two or more blood vessels communicating to ensure circulation is called
Anastomosis
Pressure wave in the arteries is a
Pulse
The appendix is located in the
Lower right quadrant
The spleen is located in the
Upper left quadrant
The gallbladder is located in the
Right upper quadrant below the liver
The liver is located in the
Upper right quadrant with a small portion in the upper left quadrant
Where is the stomach located
Left upper quadrant
Stage I of labor
When the cervix is dilated
Stage II of labor
When the baby is delivered
Stage III of labor
When the placenta is delivered
S
A
L
I
Septal: V1, V2 LAD
Anterior:V3, V4 LAD
Lateral : V5 , V6 , I , AVL Circ
Inferior : II , III , AVF RCA
Cushing's Triad
Increasing BP , Decreasing Heart rate and Irregular respirations
DOPE Et Tube
Displacement
Obstruction
Pneumothorax
Esophagus
The action of Dopamine
Dopaminergic effects .5 - 5 mcg/kg
Beta1 effects 5-10 mcg/kg
Alpha effects at 10- 20 mcg/kg
What is the most common extra cellular cation
Sodium
What is the most common intracelluar cation
Potassium
What are the contraindications of a Combitube
Over 7" tall , under 16y/o , known esophageal disease , ingestion of caustic substances , intact gag reflex , conscious patient or any patient under 5" tall
What are some of the bad effects of the Combitube
Vomiting typically occurs upon removal , and it does not maintain c-spine alignment
What is the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex
Inflation and deflation reflexes that regulate the rhythmic ventilation of the lungs thereby preventing over distenstion and extreme deflation
What does the pituitary gland secrete
Acetylcholine and Oxytocin
What commonly causes a Dystonic reaction
A OD on antipsychotic meds such as Haldol , Thorazine , Compazine Prochlorperazine or Stemzine
How many gtts/min is a KVO rate
Anything less 100 gtts/min
GCS
Eyes(1-4) , Verbal (1-5) , Motor (1-6)
Osmosis
Process of water moving from a lesser concentration to a greater concentration
Diffusion
Process of gases regulating from higher concentration to lower concentration [Show Less]