PALS Updated FINAL EXAM (answered)
1. A 12-year-old child being evaluated in the pediatric intensive care unit displays the following ECG waveform. The
... [Show More] team interprets this as which arrhythmia?
Ans- second degree
2. Laboratory tests are ordered for a child who has been vomiting for 3 days and is diaphoretic, tachypneic, lethargic and pale. Which test would the provider use to determine the adequacy of oxygen delivery?
Ans- Lactate
3. A 9-year-old patient is presenting with decreased breath sounds, bradycardia, slowed respiratory rate and a low O2 saturation level. The provider interprets these findings as indicating which condition?
Ans- Respiratory failure
4. A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. Assessment reveals that the child has only gasping respirations and the pulse rate is 65 beats per minute. Which action would the provider initiate first? Ans- Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 3 to 5 seconds.
5. A 15-year-old patient is being evaluated during a follow-up visit after being diagnosed with Lyme disease 2 months ago. A rhythm strip is obtained as shown below. The provider interprets this rhythm as indicating which arrhythmia?
Ans- First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block
6. A child in cardiac arrest experiences return of spontaneous circulation but is exhibiting signs of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). The PALS resuscitation team determines that the child is experiencing a systemic response to ischemia/reperfusion. The team bases this determination on which finding(s)?
Ans- Hypotension
Fever
Hyperglycemia
7. A 2-year-old child arrives at the emergency department with the parents. The child is unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse. Two emergency department providers begin high-quality CPR. Which action(s) by the providers demonstrates high-quality CPR?
Ans- Allowing the chest to recoil fully after each compression
Providing ventilations that last about 1 second each
Compressing the chest about 2 inches
Giving 2 ventilations to every 15 compressions
8. A PALS resuscitation team is preparing to defibrillate a child experiencing cardiac arrest. For which rhythm(s) would this action be appropriate?
Ans- VF and pVT are shockable cardiac arrest rhythms.
9. A provider is assessing a child with suspected shock. Which statement correctly describes hypotension and shock?
Ans- Hypotension is not a consistent feature of shock;
10. A provider is caring for a 4-year-old child in the urgent care clinic. Primary assessment reveals difficulty breathing and an oxygen saturation of 91%.
The provider administers oxygen by nasal cannula with the goal of improving the child's oxygen saturation above what percentage?
Ans- Supplemental oxygen should be administered as needed to maintain an oxygen saturation above 94%.
11. An 11-year-old soccer player is brought to the emergency department. After a quick assessment, the team realizes this patient is experiencing a severe asthma exacerbation. Which medication would the team administer first? Ans- Albuterol plus ipratropium bromid
12. A child in the pediatric step-down unit is exhibiting signs of respiratory distress. When assessing this child, which circulation finding might be present?
Ans- Pallor is a circulation finding that may be seen in patients with respiratory distress.
13. A healthcare provider is performing a primary assessment of a child in respiratory distress. The provider documents increased work of breathing when which findings are observed?
Ans- Nasal flaring, use of accessory muscles to breathe and intercostal, substernal or suprasternal retractions are all indicators of increased work or effort of breathing. Grunting and inspiratory stridor are abnormal breath sounds.
14. An 11-year-old child develops unstable wide-complex tachycardia.
Assessment reveals signs of significant hemodynamic compromise, but the child has a pulse. The PALS team would prepare the child for which intervention?
Ans- First-line treatment for unstable wide-complex tachycardias consists of synchronized electrical cardioversion, particularly when signs of hemodynamic compromise are apparent.
15. A 4-month old infant is brought to the emergency department in cardiac arrest. Which condition would the team identify as the most common cause of cardiac arrest in an infant of this age?
Ans- Sudden infant death syndrome
16. A 9-year-old child is brought to the emergency department because the child suddenly collapsed at school. The child's ECG reveals the following waveform, and primary assessment findings indicate that the child is hemodynamically unstable. Which primary assessment findings indicate this?
Ans- Difficulty breathing Hypotension
Mottling
Decreased level of consciousnes
17.2-year-old child is brought to the pediatric urgent care clinic by the parent who says that the child has had a barking cough for two days. During the rapid assessment of the child, the provider hears audible inspiratory stridor. Which common cause of partial upper airway obstruction in children would the provider most likely suspect?
Ans- croup
18.A 6-year-old child is brought to the emergency department. The child has been experiencing extremely watery stools over the past several days. After
completing the assessment, the healthcare provider suspects that the child may be experiencing shock. Which type of shock would the provider most likely suspect? Ans- hypovolemic
19. While performing a rapid assessment and formulating an initial impression using the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT), the provider assesses the child's circulation. Which information would be important to consider?
Ans- When assessing the adequacy of circulation, consider skin color and visible mucous membranes for pallor (or gray/dusky color), cyanosis, mottling or flushing and evidence of any bleeding, including life-threatening bleeding.
20. Assessment of a 3-month-old infant admitted with respiratory distress reveals fever, grunting and a wet, "junky" cough. The infant's parents said the child had a recent respiratory infection with a fever. A rapid respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) test is positive. Which condition would the provider most likely suspect as the cause?
Ans- bronchiolitis
21. PALS resuscitation team notes the following ECG waveform and the child does not have a pulse. The team prepares to intervene to address which arrhythmia?
Ans- torsades
22. The emergency response team is providing care to a preschooler who is experiencing shock. The primary goal, common to all types of shock, is to restore a favorable balance between tissue perfusion and metabolic demand with a focus on what?
Ans- The primary goal in shock, regardless of cause, is to restore a favorable balance between tissue perfusion and metabolic demand with a focus on oxygen delivery and oxygen demand.
23. The PALS resuscitation team is providing care to an intubated child in cardiac arrest. Which result best determines the adequacy of the team's chest compressions?
Ans- End-tidal carbon dioxide level between 15 and 20 mmHg
24. The PALS team leader is conducting a debriefing session with the team.
Which topic(s) would the team leader most likely address during the session?
Ans- Summary of the event, including what actions were taken, Discussion of the pros and cons of the interventions, Identification of ways to improve, Evaluation of the objective data gathered during the event
25. Assessment of a 7-year-old patient with septic shock reveals capillary refill of 3 seconds, diminished pulses, narrow pulse pressure and cool, mottled extremities. The emergency response team interprets these findings as indicating which type of septic shock? Ans- Most children in septic shock present with cold shock (i.e., delayed capillary refill, diminished pulses, peripheral vasoconstriction, narrow pulse pressure, and cool, mottled extremities) instead of warm shock.
26. Primary assessment of a 10-year-old child reveals septic shock. As part of the secondary assessment, laboratory testing is completed to evaluate the child's status. Which laboratory tests would be ordered for this child? Ans- Laboratory testing for the child in septic shock may include CBC, blood cultures, blood gasses, coagulation panel, renal function tests, liver function panel and lactate level.
27.A 4-year-old patient presents with tachycardia, tachypnea, cold extremities and weak pulses. Assessment also reveals an enlarged liver and neck vein distension. The provider interprets these assessment findings as suggesting which type of shock? Ans- cardio
28.A 10-year-old child has collapsed in the gym of the [Show Less]