PAeasy Genitourinary Exam 2022
A 62-year-old male presents with complaints of numbness in his hands and feet, with occasional foot drop, memory
... [Show More] disturbance, fatigue, paleness, anorexia, nausea, and weight loss. He has a known history of diabetes and hypertension. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms? Correct Answer Chronic Renal Failure
Explanation: Chronic renal disease is associated with functional disturbances in all organ systems, including the central nervous system. Renal disease promotes CNS complications including neuropathies and neuromuscular irritability, along with systemic symptoms. The symptoms are typically progressive if the underlying renal disease is not addressed. Although other conditions promote similar neuropathies, such as diabetes, they are differentiated by the level of involvement, progression, and associated symptoms. With Guillain Barre, an acute polyradiculoneuropathy would be expected to progress, and have associated weakness. Cerebrovascular accidents are not typically accompanied by generalized systemic symptoms, and a middle cerebral artery occlusion would be expected to have contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory deficit.
Which condition is suggested by urethritis, arthritis, and conjunctivitis?
A chlamydial infection
B gonococcal infection
C reactive arthritis
D tertiary syphilis Correct Answer Reactive arthritis
Both chlamydia and gonorrhea infections can result in urethritis. Gonococci can disseminate to the joints and cause septic arthritis. Chlamydia is typically asymptomatic but can cause chronic conjunctivitis in adolescents and young adults. Reactive arthritis (also known as Reiter syndrome) is a result of an untreated chlamydia infection, and although typically characterized, in texts, by the triad of urethritis, arthritis, and conjunctivitis, all of the symptoms may not be present or not identified at the time of presentation. Tertiary syphilis is characterized by neurologic and cardiovascular disease, gumma, auditory and ophthalmic involvement, and cutaneous lesions.
A 51-year-old male patient presents to your family practice office complaining of genital discomfort with dysuria. His digital rectal exam reveals an enlarged, tender prostate. His prostate-specific antigen (PSA) returns elevated with a value of 11.1 mg/mL, which you fractionate, and this reveals approximately 75% free PSA. His urinalysis reveals moderate white cells and trace blood. What would be your next step in treating this patient?
A Begin him on 6 weeks of doxycycline to treat his prostatitis and when resolved, repeat his PSA level.
B Immediately refer him to a urologist for prostate biopsy to rule out prostate cancer.
C Immediately refer him to a urologist for cystoscopy to rule out bladder cancer and perform a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis in the interim.
D Order a stat testicular sonogram to rule out torsion.
E Order a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis. Correct Answer Begin him on 6 weeks of doxycycline to treat his prostatitis and when resolved, repeat his PSA level.
This patient has signs and symptoms consistent with prostatitis. Additionally, while his PSA is elevated, this is common in prostatits as well as prostate cancer, and his free PSA is of a percentage that prostate cancer is unlikely. However, it would be prudent to recheck his PSA after treatment and resolution of his symptoms to confirm that an underlying cancer is not smoldering.
A 12-year-old boy presents with a 3-hour history of extreme, severe pain in the right testis. It started suddenly, is 8/10 in intensity, and does not radiate. It is associated with nausea and scrotal swelling. He never had such pain in his lifetime, and he denies any problem in urination. He has never been operated on, and he denies any history of trauma. He is allergic to penicillin.
On physical exam, the child is in visible distress. Temperature is 37.0°C, heart rate is 95, blood pressure is 120/70 mm Hg, and respiratory rate is 20 per minute. Genital examination reveals enlargement and edema of the entire scrotum. The right testicle is erythematous and tender to palpation; it appears to sit higher and lies horizontally in the scrotal sac relative to the left side. The cremasteric reflex is absent ipsilaterally, and there is no relief of pain upon elevation of the scrotum (Prehn's sign). Abdomen is non-tender and tympanic to percussion in all 4 quadrants. Bowel sounds are audible. Chest auscultation shows normal vesicular breathing with mild crepitations over the lower lung fields. Cardiac exam reveals normal S1 and S2, without rubs, murmurs, or gallop.
His initial labs show a hemoglobin of 14.5 g/dL, WBC of 13,000/mm³, platelets of 210,000/mm3, sodium of 140 mmol/dL, potassium of 3.8 mmol/dL, chloride of 95 mmol/dL, urea of 25 mg/dL, and creatinine of 0.9 mg/dL. [Show Less]