OSAT 177 Flashcards 2023 Update
Academic English - The english language ability required for academic achievement in
context-reduced situations, such
... [Show More] as classroom lectures and textbook reading
assignments. (sometimes referred to as Cognitive/ Academic Language Proficiency
CALP)
Accommodation (for English Language Learners) - adapting language (spoken or
written) to make it more understandable to second language learners. In assessment,
accommodations may be made to the presentation, response method, setting,
timing/scheduling of assessment.
Affective Filter - a metaphor that describes a learner's attitudes that affect the relative
success of second language acquisition. Negative feelings or filters= hindrance
(negative feelings like lack of motivation/ confidence, anxiety). associated with stephen
krashen's "monitor model" of second language learning
Affix - Part of a word that is "fixed to" either the beginnings of words (prefixes) or the
endings of words (suffixes). The word disrespectful has two affixes, a prefix (dis-) and a
suffix (-ful).
Automaticity - General term that refers to any skilled and complex behavior that can be
performed rather easily with little attention, effort, or conscious awareness. These skills
become automatic after extended periods of training. With practice and good instruction,
students become automatic at word recognition, that is, retrieving words from memory,
and are able to focus attention on constructing meaning from the text, rather than
decoding.
Base Words - Words from which many other words or formed, like migrate (migration,
migrant, immigration, etc.)
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) - It is the basic language ability
required for face-face communication where linguistic interactions are embedded in a
situational context called context-embedded language. Also known as "survival
English."
Bicultural - identifying with the cultures of two different ethnic, national, or language
groups. Bicultural does not always mean bilingual.
Bilingual Education - An educational program in which two languages are used during
instruction in order to 1) continue primary language development, 2) provide instruction
in content in both L1 and L2, and 3) English acquisition.
Bilingualism - The ability to use two languages (proficiency can be different).
Blend - A consonant sequence before or after a vowel with a syllable, like cl, br, or st.
Written language equivalent of consonant cluster.
cloze passage - a reading comprehension exercise in which words have been omitted in
a systematic fashion. Students fill in the blanks, and get it correct if an exact match.
Indicators of background knowledge, assesses comprehension, whether the reading
level and language level of the text are appropriate for a given student.
cognates - Words that look similar and have the same origin in two languages (same
root).
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) - the language ability required for
academic achievement in a context-reduced environment. (ex. classroom lectures,
textbook reading assignments) where there are fewer environmental cues like facial
expressions that help students understand the content.
Cognitive Functions - the mental processes involved in learning
cohesion - a feature in academic language at the discourse level involving the
grammatical and lexical elements within and across sentences that hold text together to
give it meaning.
Complex Sentences - one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses with
a subordinator like because, since, etc. or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or
which.
compund sentence - two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating
conjunction., semicolons, etc. followed by a conjunctive adverb.
context clues - Sources of information outside of words that readers may use to predict
the identities and meanings of unknown words. Can be drawn from the immediate
sentence containing the word, pictures, definitions, examples, etc.
cooperative learning - A teaching model involving students working together as partners
or in small groups on a clearly defined tasks.
Critical Period Hypothesis - Where there is a period of growth in which full native
competence is possible when acquiring a language. This period is from early childhood
to adolescence. Adults do not acquire languages as well as children because of
external and internal factors NOT BECAUSE OF ABILITY.
Culturally Responsive Classroom - Student-centered approach to teaching in which the
students' unique cultural strengths are identified and nurtured to promote student
achievement and a sense of well-being about the students' cultural place in the world.
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