Oxford Cambridge and RSA
Friday 26 May 2023 – Morning
GCSE (9–1) Ancient History
J198/02 Rome and its neighbours
Time allowed: 1 hour 45
... [Show More] minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink.
• Write your answer to each question in the Answer Booklet. The question numbers must
be clearly shown.
• Fill in the boxes on the front of the Answer Booklet.
• Answer all the questions in Section A and all the questions in either Section B or
Section C or Section D.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 105.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• Spelling, punctuation and grammar (SPaG) and the use of specialist terminology will be
assessed in questions marked with a pencil ().
• This document has 8 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
© OCR 2023 [603/0664/6]
DC (CE) 320913/5
OCR is an exempt Charity
Turn over
* *
2
© OCR 2023 J198/02 Jun23
Back in Rome, there were hurried preparations for war with the Rutuli. The chief town of the Rutuli
was Ardea which was very rich and had considerable wealth. Their wealth was the main reason for
Tarquin’s (Superbus) preparations. He needed money. He was running out of resources as a result
of his ambitious schemes of public building. He knew that the commons were becoming unhappy.
His tyrannical behaviour was causing resentment and anger. More importantly he had employed
the commons for so long in manual labour that was usually completed by slaves. Sharing plunder
and riches from a captured town would do much to soften their anger.
Livy, The Histories 1.57
commons = plebeians
SECTION A – The foundations of Rome: From kingship to republic, 753–440BC
1 (a) Name the city Romulus’ grandfather is said to have ruled. [1]
(b) Identify two ways the Roman Republic gave more power to the plebeians. [2]
(c) Name the event which started after the death of Verginia. [1]
2 Outline the main features of the foundation of Rome by Romulus. [6]
Passage A
3 Using details from Passage A and your own knowledge, what can we learn about the
unpopularity of Tarquinius Superbus? [10]
4 Using details from Passage A and your own knowledge, explain how Rome’s Kings kept control
of their people. [15]
5* ‘War was the most significant factor in the foundation of Rome, 753–440BC.’
To what extent do you agree with this view? [20]
() Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology [5]
3
© OCR 2023 J198/02 Jun23 Turn over
Hannibal now gathered his whole army together and continued his descent. Three days after
leaving the precipitous area just described he reached the plains. His loss of soldiers as a result of
enemy action, river-crossings, and the whole expedition generally, had been very serious; the loss
in men from the savage terrain involved in crossing the high passes had been no less costly, while
that of his horses and pack-animals had been even more severe. In the end the whole journey
from New Carthage had taken five months, the crossing of the Alps fifteen days. And now he had
come boldly down into the plains of the Po valley and the tribal lands of the Insubres. His surviving
forces numbered 12,000 African and 8,000 Spanish foot soldiers, together with a maximum of
about 6,000 cavalry. He himself has confirmed this on the column at Lacinium, which is inscribed
with the statistics of his armed forces.
Polybius, The Histories 3.56
SECTION B – Hannibal and the Second Punic War, 218–201BC
6 (a) Name the consul who fought against Hannibal in the battle of Trasimene. [1]
(b) Identify three characteristics which made Hannibal a successful general. [3]
(c) Name the African city which fought against Rome in the Punic Wars. [Show Less]