free market
This economic theory is based on the idea that the economy functions best when markets operate freely with the least interference from
... [Show More] government regulation and union contracts. Market power is the ruling factor.
institutional economics
economic theory based on the idea that unregulated markets do not always produce the best outcomes for everyone. Institutional economics emphasizes the role of social organizations (such as unions and employer associations) in making sure the economy produces positive results for everyone.
General Duty Clause
An OSHA directive that requires employers to maintain a safe workplace.
"recognizable and correctable" hazards
Cost Benefit Analysis
Weighing the total expected costs against the total expected benefits of one or more actions in order to choose the best or most profitable option.
McWane Case
Atlantic States Cast Iron Company - Before the prosecution began in 2005, McWane Industries was widely known as one of the most deadly employers in the nation. More than 4,600 workers had been injured at its plants between 1995 and 2003, but because of OSHA's very weak criminal enforcement rules, the company evaded prosecution.
OSHA collaborated with the Environmental Protection Agency to bring criminal charges based mainly on McWane's brazen violation of environmental law. The case against McWane brings to light the importance of the Protecting America's Workers Act (PAWA) and the need for Congress to stiffen penalties against unsafe employers.
OSH Act
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970 - Employees have the right to a safe workplace free of known dangers to themselves and their co-workers.
Walsh Healey Act
The Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act of 1936 is a US labor law, passed as part of the New Deal. It is a US federal law on basic labor rights for US government contracts. It was intended to improve labor standards.
The Walsh-Healey Act that applies to U.S. government contracts exceeding $10,000 for the manufacture or furnishing of goods. Walsh-Healey establishes overtime pay for hours worked by contractor employees in excess of 40 hours per week, and sets the minimum wage equal to the prevailing wage as determined by the Secretary of Labor. The law prohibits the employment of youths less than 16 years of age and convicts (only those currently in prison), except under certain conditions.[1] The Act sets standards for the use of convict labor, and job health and safety standards. The Walsh-Healey Act does not apply to commercial items.
August 10, 1933
OSHA Employer responsibilities
Provide a workplace free from serious recognized hazards and comply with standards, rules and regulations issued under the OSH Act. Examine workplace conditions to make sure they conform to applicable OSHA standards.
TLV
Threshold Limit Value believed to be a level to which a worker can be exposed day after day for a working lifetime without adverse effects. Strictly speaking, TLV is a reserved term of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). TLVs issued by the ACGIH are the most widely accepted occupational exposure limits both in the United States and most other countries.
PEL
Permissible Exposure Limit
child labor
they were able to do more intricate jobs had to earn money to support their families
Hazard
A hazard is simply a condition or a set of circumstances that
present a potential for harm. Hazards are divided into two
broad categories:
•
Health hazar
ds (cause occupational illnesses)
•
Safety Hazards (cause physical harm
-
injuries)
Risk assessment
the process where you:
Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm (hazard identification).
Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard (risk analysis, and risk evaluation).
Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk when the hazard cannot be eliminated (risk control).
Hazard Control Hierarchy
system used in industry to minimize or eliminate exposure to hazards. It is a widely accepted system promoted by numerous safety organizations. This concept is taught to managers in industry, to be promoted as standard practice in the workplace.
NIOSH
Right to know
The law requires employers to provide their employees with working conditions that are free of known dangers. The OSH Act created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which sets and enforces protective workplace safety and health standards.
It's the legal principle that the individual has the right to know the chemicals to which they may be exposed in their daily living.
"Right to Know" laws take two forms: Community Right to Know and Workplace Right to Know. Each grants certain rights to those groups.
Whistleblower
a person who exposes any kind of information or activity that is deemed illegal, unethical, or not correct within an organization that is either private or public.
Hazard Investigation
Reasons to investigate a workplace incident include:
most importantly, to find out the cause of incidents and to prevent similar incidents in the future
to fulfill any legal requirements
to determine the cost of an incident
to determine compliance with applicable regulations (e.g., occupational health and safety, criminal, etc.)
to process workers' compensation claims
Diacetyl Case
In August 2000, NIOSH conducted an investigation of exposures at a microwave popcorn manufacturing plant in Missouri.1, 2 Public health officials contacted NIOSH because a cluster of former employees of the facility had developed a rare lung disease called bronchiolitis obliterans. The majority of employees diagnosed with bronchiolitis obliterans had been exposed to mixtures of butter flavoring chemicals. Evaluations of employees working in the plant revealed high rates of both respiratory symptoms and abnormal lung function.1 The investigation concluded that there was "a risk for occupational lung disease in workers with inhalation exposure to butter flavoring chemicals"
Methylene Chloride Case
Methylene chloride, also called dichloromethane, is a volatile, colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. Methylene chloride is used in various industrial processes in many different industries: paint stripping, pharmaceutical manufacturing, paint remover manufacturing, metal cleaning and degreasing, adhesives manufacturing and use, polyurethane foam production, film base manufacturing, polycarbonate resin production, and solvent distribution and formulation.
FOIA
The Freedom of Information Act,1966, is a federal freedom of information law that allows for the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased information and documents controlled by the United States government
Globally Harmonized System
GHS stands for the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. GHS defines and classifies the hazards of chemical products, and communicates health and safety information on labels and safety data sheets). ... An international team of hazard communication experts developed GHS.
Hazcom Standard
The OSHA Hazard Communication Standard is designed to protect employees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in the work setting. Also referred to as Right To Know, it requires that training and information be provided to any employees who have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemical "under normal condition of use or in a forseeable emergency."
OSHA issued a final rule to align its Hazard Communication Standard with the Globally Harmonized System of Chemical Classification [Show Less]