NUTRITION EXAM 2 Nutrition Questions: from Chapters 1, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 and 13 TEST GUIDE
NUTRITION EXAM 2 Nutrition Questions: from Chapters 1, 6, 7,
... [Show More] 9, 11, 12 and 13 TEST GUIDE
CHAPTER 1
1. After completing an initial assessment of a patient, the nurse has charted that his respirations are eupneic and his pulse is 58 beats per minute. These types of data would be:
a. Objective.
b. Reflective.
c. Subjective.
d. Introspective.
A
Objective data are what the health professional observes by inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination. Subjective data is what the person says about him or herself during history taking. The terms reflective and introspective are not used to describe data.
2. A patient tells the nurse that he is very nervous, is nauseated, and “feels hot.” These types of data would be:
a. Objective.
b. Reflective.
c. Subjective.
d. Introspective.
C
Subjective data are what the person says about him or herself during history taking. Objective data are what the health professional observes by inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination. The terms reflective and introspective are not used to describe data.
3. The patient’s record, laboratory studies, objective data, and subjective data combine to form the:
a. Data base.
b. Admitting data.
c. Financial statement.
d. Discharge summary.
A
Together with the patient’s record and laboratory studies, the objective and subjective data form the data base. The other items are not part of the patient’s record, laboratory studies, or data.
4. When listening to a patient’s breath sounds, the nurse is unsure of a sound that is heard. The nurse’s next action should be to:
a. Immediately notify the patient’s physician.
b. Document the sound exactly as it was heard.
c. Validate the data by asking a coworker to listen to the breath sounds.
d. Assess again in 20 minutes to note whether the sound is still present.
C
When unsure of a sound heard while listening to a patient’s breath sounds, the nurse validates the data to ensure accuracy. If the nurse has less experience in an area, then he or she asks an expert to listen.
5. The nurse is conducting a class for new graduate nurses. During the teaching session, the nurse should keep in mind that novice nurses, without a background of skills and experience from which to draw, are more likely to make their decisions using:
a. Intuition.
b. A set of rules.
c. Articles in journals.
d. Advice from supervisors.
B
Novice nurses operate from a set of defined, structured rules. The expert practitioner uses intuitive links.
6. Expert nurses learn to attend to a pattern of assessment data and act without consciously labeling it. These responses are referred to as:
a. Intuition.
b. The nursing process.
c. Clinical knowledge.
d. Diagnostic reasoning.
A
Intuition is characterized by pattern recognition—expert nurses learn to attend to a pattern of assessment data and act without consciously labeling it. The other options are not correct.
7. The nurse is reviewing information about evidence-based practice (EBP). Which statement best reflects EBP?
a. EBP relies on tradition for support of best practices.
b. EBP is simply the use of best practice techniques for the treatment of patients.
c. EBP emphasizes the use of best evidence with the clinician’s experience.
d. The patient’s own preferences are not important with EBP.
C
EBP is a systematic approach to practice that emphasizes the use of best evidence in combination with the clinician’s experience, as well as patient preferences and values, when making decisions about care and treatment. EBP is more than simply using the best practice techniques to treat patients, and questioning tradition is important when no compelling and supportive research evidence exists.
8. The nurse is conducting a class on priority setting for a group of new graduate nurses. Which is an example of a first-level priority problem?
a. Patient with postoperative pain
b. Newly diagnosed patient with diabetes who needs diabetic teaching
c. Individual with a small laceration on the sole of the foot
d. Individual with shortness of breath and respiratory distress
D
First-level priority problems are those that are emergent, life threatening, and immediate (e.g., establishing an airway, supporting breathing, maintaining circulation, monitoring abnormal vital signs) (see Table 1-1).
9. When considering priority setting of problems, the nurse keeps in mind that second-level priority problems include which of these aspects?
a. Low self-esteem
b. Lack of knowledge
c. Abnormal laboratory values
d. Severely abnormal vital signs
C
Second-level priority problems are those that require prompt intervention to forestall further deterioration (e.g., mental status change, acute pain, abnormal laboratory values, risks to safety or security) (see Table 1-1).
10. Which critical thinking skill helps the nurse see relationships among the data?
a. Validation
b. Clustering related cues
c. Identifying gaps in data
d. Distinguishing relevant from irrelevant
B
Clustering related cues helps the nurse see relationships among the data.
11. The nurse knows that developing appropriate nursing interventions for a patient relies on the appropriateness of the __________ diagnosis.
a. Nursing
b. Medical
c. Admission
d. Collaborative
A
An accurate nursing diagnosis provides the basis for the selection of nursing interventions to achieve outcomes for which the nurse is accountable. The other items do not contribute to the development of appropriate nursing interventions.
12. The nursing process is a sequential method of problem solving that nurses use and includes which steps?
a. Assessment, treatment, planning, evaluation, discharge, and follow-up
b. Admission, assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and discharge planning
c. Admission, diagnosis, treatment, evaluation, and discharge planning
d. Assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation
D
The nursing process is a method of problem solving that includes assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
13. A newly admitted patient is in acute pain, has not been sleeping well lately, and is having difficulty breathing. How should the nurse prioritize these problems?
a. Breathing, pain, and sleep
b. Breathing, sleep, and pain
c. Sleep, breathing, and pain
d. Sleep, pain, and breathing
A
First-level priority problems are immediate priorities, remembering the ABCs (airway, breathing, and circulation), followed by second-level problems, and then third-level problems.
14. Which of these would be formulated by a nurse using diagnostic reasoning?
a. Nursing diagnosis
b. Medical diagnosis
c. Diagnostic hypothesis
d. Diagnostic assessment
C
Diagnostic reasoning calls for the nurse to formulate a diagnostic hypothesis; the nursing process calls for a nursing diagnosis.
15. Barriers to incorporating EBP include:
a. Nurses’ lack of research skills in evaluating the quality of research studies.
b. Lack of significant research studies.
c. Insufficient clinical skills of nurses.
d. Inadequate physical assessment skills.
A
As individuals, nurses lack research skills in evaluating the quality of research studies, are isolated from other colleagues who are knowledgeable in research, and often lack the time to visit the library to read research. The other responses are not considered barriers.
16. What step of the nursing process includes data collection by health history, physical examination, and interview?
a. Planning
b. Diagnosis
c. Evaluation
d. Assessment
D
Data collection, including performing the health history, physical examination, and interview, is the assessment step of the nursing process (see Figure 1-2).
17. During a staff meeting, nurses discuss the problems with accessing research studies to incorporate evidence-based clinical decision making into their practice. Which suggestion by the nurse manager would best help these problems?
a. Form a committee to conduct research studies.
b. Post published research studies on the unit’s bulletin boards.
c. Encourage the nurses to visit the library to review studies.
d. Teach the nurses how to conduct electronic searches for research studies.
D
Facilitating support for EBP would include teaching the nurses how to conduct electronic searches; time to visit the library may not be available for many nurses. Actually conducting research studies may be helpful in the long-run but not an immediate solution to reviewing existing research.
18. When reviewing the concepts of health, the nurse recalls that the components of holistic health include which of these?
a. Disease originates from the external environment.
b. The individual human is a closed system.
c. Nurses are responsible for a patient’s health state.
d. Holistic health views the mind, body, and spirit as interdependent.
D
Consideration of the whole person is the essence of holistic health, which views the mind, body, and spirit as interdependent. The basis of disease originates from both the external environment and from within the person. Both the individual human and the external environment are open systems, continually changing and adapting, and each person is responsible for his or her own personal health state.
19. The nurse recognizes that the concept of prevention in describing health is essential because:
a. Disease can be prevented by treating the external environment.
b. The majority of deaths among Americans under age 65 years are not preventable.
c. Prevention places the emphasis on the link between health and personal behavior.
d. The means to prevention is through treatment provided by primary health care practitioners.
C
A natural progression to prevention rounds out the present concept of health. Guidelines to prevention place the emphasis on the link between health and personal behavior.
20. The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a newly admitted patient. An example of objective information obtained during the physical assessment includes the:
a. Patient’s history of allergies.
b. Patient’s use of medications at home.
c. Last menstrual period 1 month ago.
d. 2 5 cm scar on the right lower forearm.
D
Objective data are the patient’s record, laboratory studies, and condition that the health professional observes by inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination. The other responses reflect subjective data.
21. A visiting nurse is making an initial home visit for a patient who has many chronic medical problems. Which type of data base is most appropriate to collect in this setting?
a. A follow-up data base to evaluate changes at appropriate intervals
b. An episodic data base because of the continuing, complex medical problems of this patient
c. A complete health data base because of the nurse’s primary responsibility for monitoring the patient’s health
d. An emergency data base because of the need to collect information and make accurate diagnoses rapidly
C
The complete data base is collected in a primary care setting, such as a pediatric or family practice clinic, independent or group private practice, college health service, women’s health care agency, visiting nurse agency, or community health agency. In these settings, the nurse is the first health professional to see the patient and has the primary responsibility for monitoring the person’s health care.
22. Which situation is most appropriate during which the nurse performs a focused or problem-centered history?
a. Patient is admitted to a long-term care facility.
b. Patient has a sudden and severe shortness of breath.
c. Patient is admitted to the hospital for surgery the following day.
d. Patient in an outpatient clinic has cold and influenza-like symptoms.
D
In a focused or problem-centered data base, the nurse collects a “mini” data base, which is smaller in scope than the completed data base. This mini data base primarily concerns one problem, one cue complex, or one body system.
23. A patient is at the clinic to have her blood pressure checked. She has been coming to the clinic weekly since she changed medications 2 months ago. The nurse should:
a. Collect a follow-up data base and then check her blood pressure.
b. Ask her to read her health record and indicate any changes since her last visit.
c. Check only her blood pressure because her complete health history was documented 2 months ago.
d. Obtain a complete health history before checking her blood pressure because much of her history information may have changed.
A
A follow-up data base is used in all settings to follow up short-term or chronic health problems. The other responses are not appropriate for the situation.
24. A patient is brought by ambulance to the emergency department with multiple traumas received in an automobile accident. He is alert and cooperative, but his injuries are quite severe. How would the nurse proceed with data collection?
a. Collect history information first, then perform the physical examination and institute life-saving measures.
b. Simultaneously ask history questions while performing the examination and initiating life-saving measures.
c. Collect all information on the history form, including social support patterns, strengths, and coping patterns.
d. Perform life-saving measures and delay asking any history questions until the patient is transferred to the intensive care unit.
B
The emergency data base calls for a rapid collection of the data base, often concurrently compiled with life-saving measures. The other responses are not appropriate for the situation.
25. A 42-year-old patient of Asian descent is being seen at the clinic for an initial examination. The nurse knows that including cultural information in his health assessment is important to:
a. Identify the cause of his illness.
b. Make accurate disease diagnoses.
c. Provide cultural health rights for the individual.
d. Provide culturally sensitive and appropriate care.
D
The inclusion of cultural considerations in the health assessment is of paramount importance to gathering data that are accurate and meaningful and to intervening with culturally sensitive and appropriate care.
26. In the health promotion model, the focus of the health professional includes:
a. Changing the patient’s perceptions of disease.
b. Identifying biomedical model interventions.
c. Identifying negative health acts of the consumer.
d. Helping the consumer choose a healthier lifestyle.
D
In the health promotion model, the focus of the health professional is on helping the consumer choose a healthier lifestyle.
27. The nurse has implemented several planned interventions to address the nursing diagnosis of acute pain. Which would be the next appropriate action?
a. Establish priorities.
b. Identify expected outcomes.
c. Evaluate the individual’s condition, and compare actual outcomes with expected outcomes.
d. Interpret data, and then identify clusters of cues and make inferences.
C
Evaluation is the next step after the implementation phase of the nursing process. During this step, the nurse evaluates the individual’s condition and compares the actual outcomes with expected outcomes (See Figure 1-2).
28. Which statement best describes a proficient nurse? A proficient nurse is one who:
a. Has little experience with a specified population and uses rules to guide performance.
b. Has an intuitive grasp of a clinical situation and quickly identifies the accurate solution.
c. Sees actions in the context of daily plans for patients.
d. Understands a patient situation as a whole rather than a list of tasks and recognizes the long-term goals for the patient.
D
The proficient nurse, with more time and experience than the novice nurse, is able to understand a patient situation as a whole rather than as a list of tasks. The proficient nurse is able to see how today’s nursing actions can apply to the point the nurse wants the patient to reach at a future time.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. The nurse is reviewing data collected after an assessment. Of the data listed below, which would be considered related cues that would be clustered together during data analysis? Select all that apply.
a. Inspiratory wheezes noted in left lower lobes
b. Hypoactive bowel sounds
c. Nonproductive cough
d. Edema, +2, noted on left hand
e. Patient reports dyspnea upon exertion
f. Rate of respirations 16 breaths per minute
A, C, E, F
Clustering related cues help the nurse recognize relationships among the data. The cues related to the patient’s respiratory status (e.g., wheezes, cough, report of dyspnea, respiration rate and rhythm) are all related. Cues related to bowels and peripheral edema are not related to the respiratory cues.
MATCHING
Put the following patient situations in order according to the level of priority.
a. A patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus does not know how to check his own blood glucose levels with a glucometer.
b. A teenager who was stung by a bee during a soccer match is having trouble breathing.
c. An older adult with a urinary tract infection is also showing signs of confusion and agitation.
1. a = First-level priority problem
2. b = Second-level priority problem
3. c = Third-level priority problem
1. B
2. C
3. A
CHAPTER 6
1. A woman has come to the clinic to seek help with a substance abuse problem. She admits to using cocaine just before arriving. Which of these assessment findings would the nurse expect to find when examining this woman?
a. Dilated pupils, pacing, and psychomotor agitation
b. Dilated pupils, unsteady gait, and aggressiveness
c. Pupil constriction, lethargy, apathy, and dysphoria
d. Constricted pupils, euphoria, and decreased temperature
A
A cocaine user’s appearance includes pupillary dilation, tachycardia or bradycardia, elevated or lowered blood pressure, sweating, chills, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. The person’s behavior includes euphoria, talkativeness, hypervigilance, pacing, psychomotor agitation, impaired social or occupational functioning, fighting, grandiosity, and visual or tactile hallucinations.
2. The nurse is assessing a patient who has been admitted for cirrhosis of the liver, secondary to chronic alcohol use. During the physical assessment, the nurse looks for cardiac problems that are associated with chronic use of alcohol, such as:
a. Hypertension.
b. Ventricular fibrillation.
c. Bradycardia.
d. Mitral valve prolapse.
A
Even moderate drinking leads to hypertension and cardiomyopathy, with an increase in left ventricular mass, dilation of ventricles, and wall thinning. Ventricular fibrillation, bradycardia, and mitral valve prolapse are not associated with chronic heavy use of alcohol.
3. The nurse is conducting a class on alcohol and the effects of alcohol on the body. How many standard drinks (each containing 14 grams of alcohol) per day in men are associated with increased deaths from cirrhosis, cancers of the mouth, esophagus, and injuries?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
B
In men, alcohol consumption of at least four standard drinks per day is associated with increased deaths from liver cirrhosis, cancers of the mouth, esophagus and other areas, and deaths from injuries and other external causes.
4. During a session on substance abuse, the nurse is reviewing statistics with the class. For persons aged 12 years and older, which illicit substance was most commonly used?
a. Crack cocaine
b. Heroin
c. Marijuana
d. Hallucinogens
C
In persons age 12 years and older who reported using during the past month, marijuana (hashish) was the most commonly used illicit drug reported.
5. A woman who has just discovered that she is pregnant is in the clinic for her first obstetric visit. She asks the nurse, “How many drinks a day is safe for my baby?” The nurse’s best response is:
a. “You should limit your drinking to once or twice a week.”
b. “It’s okay to have up to two glasses of wine a day.”
c. “As long as you avoid getting drunk, you should be safe.”
d. “No amount of alcohol has been determined to be safe during pregnancy.”
D
No amount of alcohol has been determined to be safe for pregnant women. The potential adverse effects of alcohol use on the fetus are well known; women who are pregnant should be screened for alcohol use, and abstinence should be recommended.
6. When reviewing the use of alcohol by older adults, the nurse notes that older adults have several characteristics that can increase the risk of alcohol use. Which would increase the bioavailability of alcohol in the blood for longer periods in the older adult?
a. Increased muscle mass
b. Decreased liver and kidney functioning
c. Decreased blood pressure
d. Increased cardiac output
B
Decreased liver and kidney functioning increases the bioavailability of alcohol in the blood for longer periods. Aging people experience decreased muscle mass (not increased), which also increases the alcohol concentration in the blood because the alcohol is distributed to less tissue over time. Blood pressure and cardiac output are not factors regarding bioavailability.
7. During an assessment, the nurse asks a female patient, “How many alcoholic drinks do you have a week?” Which answer by the patient would indicate at-risk drinking?
a. “I may have one or two drinks a week.”
b. “I usually have three or four drinks a week.”
c. “I’ll have a glass or two of wine every now and then.”
d. “I have seven or eight drinks a week, but I never get drunk.”
D
For women, having seven or more drinks a week or three or more drinks per occasion is considered at-risk drinking, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
8. The nurse is asking an adolescent about illicit substance abuse. The adolescent answers, “Yes, I’ve used marijuana at parties with my friends.” What is the next question the nurse should ask?
a. “Who are these friends?”
b. “Do your parents know about this?”
c. “When was the last time you used marijuana?”
d. “Is this a regular habit?”
C
If a patient admits to the use of illicit substances, then the nurse should ask, “When was the last time you used drugs?” and “How much did you take that time?” The other questions may be considered accusatory and are not conducive to gathering information.
9. The nurse has completed an assessment on a patient who came to the clinic for a leg injury. As a result of the assessment, the nurse has determined that the patient has at-risk alcohol use. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate at this time?
a. Record the results of the assessment, and notify the physician on call.
b. State, “You are drinking more than is medically safe. I strongly recommend that you quit drinking, and I’m willing to help you.”
c. State, “It appears that you may have a drinking problem. Here is the telephone number of our local Alcoholics Anonymous chapter.”
d. Give the patient information about a local rehabilitation clinic.
B
If an assessment has determined that the patient has at-risk drinking behavior, then the nurse should give a short but clear statement of assistance and concern. Simply giving out a telephone number or referral to agencies may not be enough.
10. A patient is brought to the emergency department. He is restless, has dilated pupils, is sweating, has a runny nose and tearing eyes, and complains of muscle and joint pains. His girlfriend thinks he has influenza, but she became concerned when his temperature went up to 39.4° C. She admits that he has been a heavy drug user, but he has been trying to stop on his own. The nurse suspects that the patient is experiencing withdrawal symptoms from which substance?
a. Alcohol
b. Heroin
c. Crack cocaine
d. Sedatives
B
Withdrawal symptoms of opiates, such as heroin, are similar to the clinical picture of influenza and include symptoms such as dilated pupils, lacrimation, runny nose, tachycardia, fever, restlessness, muscle and joint pains, and other symptoms. (Withdrawal symptoms from alcohol, cocaine, and sedatives are described in Table 6-7.)
11. The nurse is reviewing aspects of substance abuse in preparation for a seminar. Which of these statements illustrates the concept of tolerance to an illicit substance? The person:
a. Has a physiologic dependence on a substance.
b. Requires an increased amount of the substance to produce the same effect.
c. Requires daily use of the substance to function and is unable to stop using it.
d. Experiences a syndrome of physiologic symptoms if the substance is not used.
B
The concept of tolerance to a substance indicates that the person requires an increased amount of the substance to produce the same effect. Abuse indicates that the person needs to use the substance daily to function, and the person is unable to stop using it. Dependence is an actual physiologic dependence on the substance. Withdrawal occurs when cessation of the substance produces a syndrome of physiologic symptoms.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. A patient with a known history of heavy alcohol use has been admitted to the ICU after he was found unconscious outside a bar. The nurse closely monitors him for symptoms of withdrawal. Which of these symptoms may occur during this time? Select all that apply.
a. Bradycardia
b. Coarse tremor of the hands
c. Transient hallucinations
d. Somnolence
e. Sweating
B, C, E
Symptoms of uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal start shortly after the cessation of drinking, peak at the second day, and improve by the fourth or fifth day. Symptoms include coarse tremors of the hands, tongue, and eyelids; anorexia; nausea and vomiting; autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., tachycardia, sweating, elevated blood pressure); and transient hallucinations, among other symptoms (see Table 6-7).
2. A patient visits the clinic to ask about smoking cessation. He has smoked heavily for 30 years and wants to stop “cold turkey.” He asks the nurse, “What symptoms can I expect if I do this?” Which of these symptoms should the nurse share with the patient as possible symptoms of nicotine withdrawal? Select all that apply.
a. Headaches
b. Hunger
c. Sleepiness
d. Restlessness
e. Nervousness
f. Sweating
A, B, D, E
Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal include vasodilation, headaches, anger, irritability, frustration, anxiety, nervousness, awakening at night, difficulty concentrating, depression, hunger, impatience, and the desire to smoke (see Table 6-7).
CHAPTER 7
1. As a mandatory reporter of elder abuse, which must be present before a nurse should notify the authorities?
a. Statements from the victim
b. Statements from witnesses
c. Proof of abuse and/or neglect
d. Suspicion of elder abuse and/or neglect
D
Many health care workers are under the erroneous assumption that proof is required before notification of suspected abuse can occur. Only the suspicion of elder abuse or neglect is necessary.
2. During a home visit, the nurse notices that an older adult woman is caring for her bedridden husband. The woman states that this is her duty, she does the best she can, and her children come to help when they are in town. Her husband is unable to care for himself, and she appears thin, weak, and exhausted. The nurse notices that several of his prescription medication bottles are empty. This situation is best described by the term:
a. Physical abuse.
b. Financial neglect.
c. Psychological abuse.
d. Unintentional physical neglect.
D
Unintentional physical neglect may occur, despite good intentions, and is the failure of a family member or caregiver to provide basic goods or services. Physical abuse is defined as violent acts that result or could result in injury, pain, impairment, or disease. Financial neglect is defined as the failure to use the assets of the older person to provide services needed by him or her. Psychological abuse is defined as behaviors that result in mental anguish.
3. The nurse is aware that intimate partner violence (IPV) screening should occur with which situation?
a. When IPV is suspected
b. When a woman has an unexplained injury
c. As a routine part of each health care encounter
d. When a history of abuse in the family is known
C
Many nursing professional organizations have called for routine, universal screening for IPV to assist women in getting help for the problem.
4. Which statement is best for the nurse to use when preparing to administer the Abuse Assessment Screen?
a. “We are required by law to ask these questions.”
b. “We need to talk about whether you believe you have been abused.”
c. “We are asking these questions because we suspect that you are being abused.”
d. “We need to ask the following questions because domestic violence is so common in our society.”
D
Such an introduction alerts the woman that questions about domestic violence are coming and ensures the woman that she is not being singled out for these questions.
5. Which term refers to a wound produced by the tearing or splitting of body tissue, usually from blunt impact over a bony surface?
a. Abrasion
b. Contusion
c. Laceration
d. Hematoma
C
The term laceration refers to a wound produced by the tearing or splitting of body tissue. An abrasion is caused by the rubbing of the skin or mucous membrane. A contusion is injury to tissues without breakage of skin, and a hematoma is a localized collection of extravasated blood.
6. During an examination, the nurse notices a patterned injury on a patient’s back. Which of these would cause such an injury?
a. Blunt force
b. Friction abrasion
c. Stabbing from a kitchen knife
d. Whipping from an extension cord
D
A patterned injury is an injury caused by an object that leaves a distinct pattern on the skin or organ. The other actions do not cause a patterned injury.
7. When documenting IPV and elder abuse, the nurse should include:
a. Photographic documentation of the injuries.
b. Summary of the abused patient’s statements.
c. Verbatim documentation of every statement made.
d. General description of injuries in the progress notes.
A
Documentation of IPV and elder abuse must include detailed nonbiased progress notes, the use of injury maps, and photographic documentation. Written documentation needs to be verbatim, within reason. Not every statement can be documented.
8. A female patient has denied any abuse when answering the Abuse Assessment Screen, but the nurse has noticed some other conditions that are associated with IPV. Examples of such conditions include:
a. Asthma.
b. Confusion.
c. Depression.
d. Frequent colds.
C
Depression is one of the conditions that is particularly associated with IPV. Abused women also have been found to have more chronic health problems, such as neurologic, gastrointestinal, and gynecologic symptoms; chronic pain; and symptoms of suicidality and posttraumatic stress disorder.
9. The nurse is using the danger assessment (DA) tool to evaluate the risk of homicide. Which of these statements best describes its use?
a. The DA tool is to be administered by law enforcement personnel.
b. The DA tool should be used in every assessment of suspected abuse.
c. The number of “yes” answers indicates the woman’s understanding of her situation.
d. The higher the number of “yes” answers, the more serious the danger of the woman’s situation.
D
No predetermined cutoff scores exist on the DA. The higher the number “yes” answers, the more serious the danger of the woman’s situation. The use of this tool is not limited to law enforcement personnel and is not required in every case of suspected abuse.
10. The nurse is assessing bruising on an injured patient. Which color indicates a new bruise that is less than 2 hours old?
a. Red
b. Purple-blue
c. Greenish-brown
d. Brownish-yellow
A
A new bruise is usually red and will often develop a purple or purple-blue appearance 12 to 36 hours after blunt-force trauma. The color of bruises (and ecchymoses) generally progresses from purple-blue to bluish-green to greenish-brown to brownish-yellow before fading away.
11. The nurse suspects abuse when a 10-year-old child is taken to the urgent care center for a leg injury. The best way to document the history and physical findings is to:
a. Document what the child’s caregiver tells the nurse.
b. Use the words the child has said to describe how the injury occurred.
c. Record what the nurse observes during the conversation.
d. Rely on photographs of the injuries.
B
When documenting the history and physical findings of suspected child abuse and neglect, use the words the child has said to describe how his or her injury occurred. Remember, the abuser may be accompanying the child.
12. During an interview, a woman has answered “yes” to two of the Abuse Assessment Screen questions. What should the nurse say next?
a. “I need to report this abuse to the authorities.”
b. “Tell me about this abuse in your relationship.”
c. “So you were abused?”
d. “Do you know what caused this abuse?”
B
If a woman answers “yes” to any of the Abuse Assessment Screen questions, then the nurse should ask questions designed to assess how recent and how serious the abuse was. Asking the woman an open-ended question, such as “tell me about this abuse in your relationship” is a good way to start. [Show Less]