1. The recommended weight gain during pregnancy varies for each woman depending on her
body mass index (BMI) and weight prior to pregnancy.
... [Show More] Recommended weight gain during the first trimester is 1 to 4 lb.
Recommended weight gain is 2 to 4 lb per month during the second and third trimesters.
Trimesters two and three:
Normal weight client – 1 lb/week for a total of 25 to 35 lb.
Underweight client – just more than 1 lb/week for a total of 28 to 40 lb.
Overweight client – 0.66 lb/week for a total of 15 to 25 lb.
2. Lactose Intolerance:
Signs and symptoms: Flatulence, abdominal cramps, bloating, diarrhea
Foods to avoid : milk, cheese, ice cream, cream soups, sour cream, puddings, chocolate,
coffee creamer
Nursing intervention: monitor the client for vitamin D deficiency and calcium.
3. Celia disease:
inability to digest the protein gluten
S/S in children: diarrhea, steatorrhea, anemia, abdominal distention, impaired growth,
lack of appetite, and fatigue.
S/S in adults include diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, anemia, steatorrhea, and
osteomalacia.
increase diet in simple carbohydrates
4. Proteins
Complete proteins are generally from animal sources, contain all of the essential amino
acids
Incomplete proteins, generally from plants (grains, nuts, legumes, vegetables, fruits), do
not contain all of the essential amino acids.
Complementary proteins are those food sources that, when eaten together, provide all the
essential amino acids.
5. Calcium helps in development of bones, teeth, supports the cardiovascular system,
sources: broccoli, kale, egg yorks
Excess calcium can cause kidney stones and constipation
limit calcium intake in patients with chronic kidney condition
6. Diverticulitis
is the inflammation that occurs when fecal matter becomes trapped in the diverticula.
s/s: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, and fever, accompanied
by chills and tachycardia.
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Txt: antibiotics, anticholinergics, and analgesics, IV therapy if dehydrated.
Diet: High fiber and low fat
Complications (peritonitis, bowel obstruction, abscess)
Colostomy healing:
promote eating foods rich in calories proteins
consume a diet that is high in fluids and soluble fiber.
avoid foods that cause gas (beans, eggs, carbonated beverages), stomal
blockage (nuts, raw carrots, popcorn), and foods that produce odor (eggs, fish, garlic).
Highest food source of folate
Folate in pregnant women prevents neural tube defecta
Deficiencies cause defects such as spina bifida and anecephaly
Foods to consider: liver, dark-green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, whole-grain products,
and legumes
Disorders of the eye
Age-related macular degeneration is the central loss of vision that affects the macula of
the eye.
there is no cure for macular degeneration.
Client Education
Encourage clients to consume foods high in antioxidants, carotene, vitamin E, and B12
Monthly eye exams are essential in managing this disease.
TPN: check pre-albumin level
normal 23-43 mg/dL
Diabetes Mellitus: Somogyi phenomenon is morning hyperglycemia in response to overnight
hypoglycemia.
Providing a bedtime snack and appropriate insulin dose prevents this phenomenon.
monitor blood glucose levels during the night
Appropriate snacks for a 9 month old infant
By 9 months of age, the infant should be able to eat table foods that are cooked, chopped,
and unseasoned.
Appropriate finger foods include ripe bananas, toast strips, graham crackers, cheese
cubes, noodles, and peeled chunks of apples, pears, or peaches.
The infant may be ready for three meals a day with three snacks by 8 months of age.
Homemade baby food is an acceptable feeding option. Do not use canned or packaged
foods that are high in sodium. Select fresh or frozen foods, and do not add sugars or other
seasonings
Postpartum infection: Antibiotic use whilst breastfeeding
Educate the client to take all the medication as prescribed.
Tell the client to notify the provider of the development of watery, bloody diarrhea.
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Tell the client to notify the provider if the client is breastfeeding [Show Less]