NUSC 1165 Final Exam - Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) The absorptive surface of the small intestine is increased by the presence of:
... [Show More] microvilli gastric pills goblet cells sphincters Chewing is an important digestive function because it improves the functionality of: a. enzymes b. hormones c. mucus d. peristalsis Which of the following releases bile into the GI tract? gallbladder pituitary gland salivary glands None of the above When the gastroesophageal sphincter contracts, food A. flows from the esophagus into the stomach. B. is prevented from reentering the esophagus from the stomach. C. leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine. D. is eliminated from the body through the anus. Pancreas secretions contain digestive enzymes and: bicarbonate cholecystokin (CCK) bile chyme This organ is the primary site of digestion and absorption stomach liver small intestine large intestine Metabolic reactions that build molecules and body structures are referred to as: hydrolytic anabolic deamination reactions catabolic The internal lining of the gastrointestinal tract is the: submucosa mucosa serosa muscularis The release of bile and pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine is stimulated by: stretch receptors in the stomach secretin and CCK Salivary amylase gastrin Coordinated muscle contractions that move food through the GI tracts are called: muscular syncopation peristalsis segmentation Inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa reduces the ability of the intestine to absorb water or nutrients causing: diarrhea gastroesopageal reflux disease constipation gallstones The absorption of nutrients by simple diffusion requires: a concentration gradient a carrier molecule energy all of these choices are correct Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process in the liver that produces glucose to raise blood sugar. True or False True Glycogen is a hormone secreted from the pancreas during period of low blood sugar. True or False False Chemical bonds between sugars are broken through hydrolysis reactions True or False True Treatment of diverticulitis usually includes: insulin injections antibiotics and a temporary decrease in fiber intake exercise and weight loss increasing fluid intake and antacids Sugar alcohols are: derived from ethyl alcohol a combination of amino acids structurally similar to dietary sugars produced from oleic acid Carbohydrate loading, also known as glycogen super compensation, is a training technique used by some endurance athletes, can help to increase ________ stores sucrose glycogen amylose lactose A well-documented health problem associated with excess sugar intake is: Type 1 diabetes constipation dental caries diverticular disease Dietary fiber can help reduce cholesterol levels by: binding cholesterol and bile acids in the GI tract blocking reabsorption of bile acids in the GI tract inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver All of these are correct Fructose in mostly found in: Meat Fruit Grains and cereals Dairy products Which of the following type of diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease? Gestational Type 1 Type 2 All are correct Which of the following are the best sources of complex carbohydrates? Milk and dairy products Meat, fish and poultry Fats and oils Cereals and grains Aspartame: a. is an artificial sweetener. b. consists of two amino acids linked together. c. is often found in soft drinks. d. All of these choices are correct. A diet high in dietary fiber can help reduce the risk of developing: Type 1 diabetes diverticulosis anemia lactose intolerance Sucrose is composed of: two molecules of glucose many molecules of glucose linked together two molecules of fructose a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose The organ(s) which supplies enzymes required for starch digestion include(s) the: stomach gallbladder pancreas All of these choices are correct Which of the following about Type 1 diabetes is correct? The immune system destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin Type 1 is the most common diabetes This type of diabetes occurs when cells are no longer sensitive to insulin Obesity is a risk factor for developing this disease Which of the following statements about glycogen is false? The primary role of muscle glycogen is to maintain blood glucose levels Glycogen is made and stored in liver and muscle Glycogen is composed of many glucose molecules Glycogen is storage form or carbohydrate in humans and animals Alpha-linolenic acid is the name of the omega-3 essential fatty acid True or false True Fish oils can be good dietary sources of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA. True or false True Omega 3 and omega 6 fats are examples of monounsaturated fats True or False False A(n) ________ fatty acid has a carbon-carbon double bond with the hydrogen atoms on the same side of the double bond trans nonessential essential cis Essential fatty acids can be used by the body to synthesize: Eicosanoids Vitamin D Phosphoglyceride Cholesterol Most fatty acids in food and in the body are bound to a molecule called: Lethicin Cholesterol Phosphoglyceride Glycerol Which of the following is used as an emulsifier in foods? Sunflower oil Trans fatty acids Lecithin Arachoic acid ___________ fatty acids are not synthesized by the body Essential Saturated Short-chain Nonessential Breaks down the triglycerides from VLDL to allow the uptake of fatty acids into cells Dietary sources of cholesterol include of the following EXCEPT: Eggs Fish Meat Peanut butter If a food's ingredient list indicates that it contains ________ there's a strong possibility that the food contains trans fatty acids partially hydrogenated oils Trans-fats increase cardiovascular disease risk in part by: increasing blood levels of ketones decreasing blood levels of ketones decreasing blood levels of LDL-cholesterol increasing blood levels of LDL-cholesterol Cholesterol is found in: Olive oil [Show Less]